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Database Administration

Explore the evolving role of a DBA in the ever-changing landscape of data management, covering functions, responsibilities, security, policies, and technical aspects critical for efficient database administration.

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Database Administration

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  1. Database Administration Todd S. Bacastow

  2. Evolution of the DBA • Data Processing Department • Information Systems Department • Service Function to provide end users active data management support • Production Function to provide solutions to information needs (application development) • DBA – Database Administration • Size and Role varies from company to company • DBA’s function is very dynamic • Distributed Databases • Internet Databases • Object Oriented databases • Sophistication and Power of the DBMS packages

  3. Common Functions of DBA • Database Planning • Standards, procedures, enforcement • Requirements Gathering and Conceptual Design • Logical Design • Physical Design and Implementation • Testing and Debugging • Operations and Maintenance • Training and Support

  4. DBA’s Managerial Role • Control and Planning Dimensions of Database Administration • Coordinating, Monitoring, and Allocating database administration resources • People • Data • Defining Goals and Formulating Strategic Plans for the Database Administration function

  5. DBA’s Responsibilities

  6. End-User Support • User Requirements Gathering • Understanding of the users’ views and needs • Present and Future information needs • Conflict and Problem Resolution • Solutions in one department may cause problems in another • Finding Solutions to Information Needs • Ensure Quality and Integrity of Applications and Data • Build End-User Confidence • Manage the Training and Support of DBMS users

  7. Policies, Procedures, and Standards • Policies: General Statements of Direction or action that communicate and support DBA goals • Procedures: Written Instructions that describe a services of steps to be followed during the performance of a given activity • Standards: More detailed and specific than policies, and describe the minimum requirements of a DBA activity • Rules that are used to evaluate the qualityof the activity

  8. Areas of Policies and Procedures • End-User database requirements gathering • Database design and modeling • Documentation and Naming conventions • Design, coding, and testing of applications • Database software selection • Database security and integrity • Database backup and recovery • Database maintenance and operation • End-user training

  9. Data Security, Privacy and Integrity • User Access Management • Define each user to the database • Operating System Level • Database Level • Assign Passwords • Define User Groups • Assign Access Privileges • Read • Write • Delete • Physical Access Control • View Definitions • Protect and Control the Scope of the Data that is accessible to a user • DBMS utilities access control • Limit the use of query and reporting tools • DBMS usage Monitoring • Audit Logs (More difficult in distributed databases)

  10. Data Backup and Recovery • Disaster Management • Periodic Data and Application Backups • Full • Incremental • Concurrent • Proper Backup Identification • Convenient and safe backup storage • Physical protection of hardware and software • Personal Access Control to the software of a database installation • Insurance coverage for the data in the database

  11. Data Backup and Recovery • Recovery and Contingency plans • Tested • Evaluated • Practiced • Will Not Recover all components of an IS • Establish priorities for the nature and extend of the data recovery process

  12. Data Distribution and Use • Data is only useful when: • Given to the Right User • Right Time • Right Format • Programmers Deliver programs to access data • Time consuming for DBA • Data Distribution allows end users to access the database • Internet • Intranets • Queries, Web Front Ends • End Users may make improper use of database, data duplication, etc.

  13. DBA’s Technical Role • DBMS and utilities, evaluation, selection and installation • Design and implementation of Database • Testing and Evaluation • Operation of DBMS, Utilities, and Applications • Training and Supporting Users • Maintenance of DBMS, Utilities, and Applicaitons

  14. Evaluation, Selection, and Installation • Selection of Hardware and Software • Must be based on the Organization’s Needs • Search is for a solutions to a problem, not a need for a software • 1st step is to determine companies NEEDS

  15. DBMS Checklist • DBMS Model • Storage Capacity • Application Development Support • Security and Integrity • Backup and Recovery • Concurrency Control • Performance • DBA tools • Interoperability and Data Distribution • Portability • Hardware • Data Dictionary • Vendor Training and Support • Third Party Tools • Cost

  16. Design and Implementation • Determination and Enforcement of Standards and Procedures • Ensure the Design activities are performed within the Standards and Procedures • Ensure Transactions are: • Correct • Efficient • Compliant with Integrity and Standards • Physical Design • Operational Procedures

  17. Testing and Evaluation • All Database and End User Applications • Maintained Independently of Development and Implementation • Cover: • Technical Aspects • Backup, Recovery, Security, Integrity, SQL • Evaluation of Documentation • Observance of Standards • Naming, Documentation, Coding • Data Duplication Conflicts with existing data • Enforcement of Data Validation rules

  18. Operation of DBMS, Utilities, and Applications • System Support • Day-to-day activity of the DBMS • Performance monitoring and tuning • Performance Goals • Evaluate if performance objectives are being met • Isolate Problems and Find solutions • Implement solutions • Backup and Recovery • Security auditing and monitoring • Appropriate access rights • Proper use of access privileges by programmers and end users

  19. Training and Supporting Users • Technical Training in the use of DBMS and Utilities for Applications Programmers • Unscheduled on-demand technical support • Interaction with DBMS vendors

  20. Maintenance of DBMS • Dedicated to the Preservation of the DBMS environment • Management of the Physical or Secondary Storage devices • Reorganizing the physical location of the data • Upgrading the DBMS and Utility Software • Exchange of data is dissimilar formats or between database

  21. Database Administration Tools • Data Dictionary • Store the Description of all objects that interact with the database • Integrated  Include data outside of DBMS • Standalone  limited to data of DBMS • Case Tools • Computer Aided Software Engineering • Automated Framework for the SDLC • Front-End Tools • Planning, Analysis, Design • Back-End Tools • Coding and Implementation

  22. Data Dictionary • Data Elements from all tables of all databases • Names, Types, Format, Validation rules, When an Element is Used and by whom • Tables defined in the database • Indexes defined for each table • Defined databases, and properties • End Users and Administrators • Programs that access the database • Access Authorizations for all users • Relationships among data elements

  23. Case Tools • Reduction in development time and costs • Standardization of Systems Development Methodologies • Easier Maintenance of Application Systems Developed with CASE Tools • Components: • Graphics • Screen Painters and Report Generators • Repository for Storing and Cross-Referencing the System Design Data (Data Dictionary) • Analysis Segment for Automated Check on System Consistency, Syntax, Completeness • Program Documentation Generator

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