The Ottomans Build A Vast Empire

1. The Ottomans Build A Vast Empire Vocab: ghazi, Mehmet II, Suleiman the lawgiver & janissary

2. The Anatolian Turks saw themselves as ghazis or warriors fro Islam. • Ghazis were similar to the knights. • Followed a strict code of conduct and attacked infidels (those who did not believe in Islam). • Osman was the most successful ghazi. Turks settle in Christian Byzantium

3. People in the West called him Othman and his followers Ottomans. • Military success based on the use of gunpowder. • First to use cannons as an offensive weapon • The next Ottoman leader called himself a sultan which meant the one with power. • Ruled the areas they conquered through local officials. Osman

4. 1400’s – Rebellious warrior from Central Asia. • Claimed to be a descendant of Genghis Khan. • Conquered Russia & Persia. • Burned Baghdad to the ground. Defeated the Ottomans at the Battle of Ankara in 1402. Timur the Lame

5. After Timur the Lame left war broke out amongst the four sons of the Ottoman sultan. • Mehmet I won the battle. His son Murad II restored Ottoman military power. • Murad II was the first of four Ottoman rulers to expand the empire. Sultans Spur Expansion

6. Attacked Constantinople in April 0f 1453. • The Byzantine emperor asked for help but received little. • April 21, 1453 attacked the city from both sides. • Captured the Hagia Sophia and turned it into a mosque. • Opened the city to people of all religions and changed the name of the city to Istanbul. Mehmet II

7. Came to power in 1512 by treachery. He kileed his father, brothers, nephews and all but one of his sons. • Was a great general. Defeated the Safavids of Persia at the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514. • Captured Mecca , Medina and Cairo, Egypt. Selim the Grim

8. Ottoman empire reached its peak under him. • Assumed the throne in 1520 and ruled for 46 years. • Known for lavius court and cultural achievements. • Known for his military achievements. • Controlled the eastern Med in 1521. Suleiman the Lawgiver

9. Conquered North Africa. • 1525 attacked Austria & Hungary. • Ended in failure in 1529 when Vienna was not captured. • Ruled Central Asia, North Africa . Was the most powerful ruler on earth. • Ottoman empire was a military state. Suleiman the Lawgiver

10. Ruled by one family for 600 years.. • Staffed by 20,000 slaves. • Inside the slaves were a group of special slaves called janissaries. • These were made up of conquered Christian peoples. • They were trained as boys , converted to Islam and were the backbone of the Ottoman army. Ottoman State

11. Followed Islamic law. • Simplified the tax system & reduced government bureaucracy. • These actions were how he earned the name Lawgiver. • Employed world’s finest architects. • Contributed to artworks that expressed Ottoman styles. Cultural Achievements

12. Suleiman actions led to the decline of his empire. • Killed and chased away his sons . • His last son was incompetent . The Turkish was defeated by the Italians at The Battle of Lepanto. • Corruption also contributed to the decline . • Sultans would keep their sons prisoner cutting them off from education and contact. Decline