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Expansion - Early State Admissions

Expansion - Early State Admissions. Delaware Dec. 7, 1787 Pennsylvania Dec. 12, 1787 New Jersey Dec. 18, 1787 Georgia Jan. 2, 1788 Connecticut Jan. 9, 1788 Massachusetts Feb. 6, 1788 Maryland April 28, 1788 South Carolina May 23, 1788 New Hampshire June 21, 1788

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Expansion - Early State Admissions

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  1. Expansion - Early State Admissions • Delaware Dec. 7, 1787 • Pennsylvania Dec. 12, 1787 • New Jersey Dec. 18, 1787 • Georgia Jan. 2, 1788 • Connecticut Jan. 9, 1788 • Massachusetts Feb. 6, 1788 • Maryland April 28, 1788 • South Carolina May 23, 1788 • New Hampshire June 21, 1788 • Virginia June 25, 1788 • New York July 26, 1788 • North Carolina Nov. 21, 1789 • Rhode Island May 29, 1790 • NEW - Vermont March 4, 1791 Northwest Ordinance of 1787 will set the precedent of Slave Line Slave state – Non Slave State

  2. Expansion - New State Admissions • Kentucky June 1,1792 • Tennessee June 1, 1796 • Ohio March 1, 1803 • Louisiana April 30, 1812 • Indiana Dec.11, 1816 • Mississippi Dec.10, 1817 • Illinois Dec.3, 1818 • Alabama Dec.14, 1819 Missouri Compromise 1819 • Maine March 15, 1820 • Missouri Aug. 10, 1821

  3. ExpansionNew State Admissions • ArkansasJune 15, 1836 • MichiganJan. 26, 1837 • FloridaMarch 3, 1845 • TexasDec.29, 1845 • IowaDec.28, 1846 • WisconsinMay 26, 1848 Compromise of 1850 • CaliforniaSept. 9, 1850 • MinnesotaMay 11, 1858 • OregonFeb. 14, 1859 The Civil War BEGINS • KansasJan. 29, 1861 • West Virginia June 20, 1863

  4. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (1848)-Texas & the Rio Grande River -New Mexico & California ($15 mil.) • Gadsden Purchase(1853) $10 mil. -southern New Mexico & Arizona • after the war? (slavery) -Does slavery go into new territories? -growing gap between North & South • WILMOT PROVISO NO Slavery in the NEW Southwestern Territories Utah and New Mexico

  5. 1846 Wilmot Proviso Compromise of 1850 1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act 1856 Bleeding Kansas 1856 Caning of Sumner 1857 Dred Scott v. Sanford 1858 Lincoln – Douglas 1859 Attack at Harper’s Ferry Election of 1860 1861 Confederacy Formed Fort Sumter *CIVIL WAR BEGINS*

  6. Western ExpansionThe Missouri Compromise(attempts to settle issue in territories) • 1st territory West of Mississippi asked to join the U.S. as a slave state • This would make more slave states than free states (political power) • Missouri would join as a slave state AND Maine would join as a free state. • Imaginary line would be drawn through the rest of the Louisiana territory -36’30

  7. Solution to the ProblemSLAVE LINE DRAWN • North of the line = Free States • South of the line = Slave states

  8. Results Missouri Compromise of 1820 • Kept the peace (balance) for almost 30 years • Six new states joined the Country… 3 slave and 3 free…. Equal Balance • South Western Territories??? • Wilmot Proviso – 1846 (NOT approved) • AND THEN along came…California

  9. Compromise of 1850

  10. The Compromise of 1850 • Henry Clay to the rescue AGAIN

  11. CALIFORNIA Statehood FREE STATE 1) POPULAR SOVERIGNTY in the other Southwest Territories the people in the territory would decide (vote) on whether to become a Slave or Free State Texas boundary dispute with New Mexico Territory 2) Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 personalizes the issue of slavery to northerners Personal Liberty Laws (nullification) State laws that IGNORE the Fugitive Slave laws Sparks HUGE fight between North - South

  12. Fugitive Slave Lawinfuriates NORTH • personalizes the issue of slavery to northerners

  13. John Calhoun (SC) attacks the Compromise and -Threatens Secession by the South John Calhoun v. Daniel Webster Debate -States Rights v. Federal POWER Northern Politicians had gained control of Federal Government Southern States argue they have NO say in the Federal government Compromise isDebated - Fought

  14. Laws passed by U.S. states in the North to counter the Fugitive Slave Acts. Some states enacted laws giving escaped slaves the right to jury trials on appeal. Some assured fugitives the right of jury trial and provided them with attorneys. Other states forbade state authorities to capture and return fugitives. After the Compromise of 1850, most Northern states enacted further guarantees of jury trials and punishment for illegal seizure. These laws were cited by proslavery interests as assaults on states' rights and as justification for secession. • Personal Liberty Laws (nullification) • Declare Fugitive Slave Law Unconstitutional • Underground Railroad • Harriett Tubman 19 trips – 300 slaves • Secret Network of Free African-Americans and White Abolitionists

  15. The Underground Railroad

  16. Although the Mason-Dixon line is most commonly associated with the division between the northern and southern (free and slave, respectively) states during the 1800s and American Civil War-era, the line was delineated in the mid-1700s to settle a property dispute. in 1750 that the boundary between southern Pennsylvania and northern Maryland should lie 15 miles south of Philadelphia. October 9, 1767, almost four years after Mason & Dixon began their surveying, the 233 mile-long Mason-Dixon line had (almost) been completely surveyed.

  17. Over fifty years later, the boundary between the two states along the Mason-Dixon line came into the spotlight with the Missouri Compromise of 1820. The Compromise established a boundary between the slave states of the south and the free states of the north (however its separation of Maryland and Delaware is a bit confusing since Delaware was a slave state that stayed in the Union). • This boundary became referred to as the Mason-Dixon line because it began in the east along the Mason-Dixon line and headed westward to the Ohio River and along the Ohio to its mouth at the Mississippi River and then west along 36 degrees 30 minutes North.

  18. Two Nations? • -Are we One(1) Country or Two(2)? -Could we have avoided the Civil War? • Economic - Cultural – Political and Sectional Differences Manifest Destiny Expansion • Case Against Slavery (Prejudice) -”humans decide their own destiny” (violates the principles of Christianity) • RELIGIOUS PRINCIPLES DRIVING • Social Reform Movements • Political Reform Movements

  19. 1st Anti-Slavery movements: Mennonites 1688 - Philadelphia 1775 GREAT AWAKENING and other Religious Movements pushing SOCIAL REFORMS William Lloyd Garrison July 4, 1829 ”American Revolution is not yet over” ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT(End slavery) Free states population 2x slave states Growing Anti-slavery sentiment in the North and in the South LIBERIA founded with U.S. $$$ in 1821 PROTEST - RESISTANCE - VIOLENCE

  20. William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879) • Slavery undermined republicanvalues. • Immediate emancipation with NO compensation. • Slavery was a moral, not an economic issue. R2-4

  21. The Liberator Premiere issue  January 1, 1831 R2-5

  22. Frederick Douglass (1817-1895) 1845 The Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass 1847  “The North Star” R2-12

  23. Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)or Isabella Baumfree 1850 The Narrative of Sojourner Truth R2-10

  24. Harriet Tubman(1820-1913) • Helped over 300 slaves to freedom. • $40,000 bounty on her head. • Served as a Union spy during the Civil War. “Moses”

  25. Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground Railroad

  26. The Underground Railroad • “Conductor”=== leader of the escape • “Passengers”=== escaping slaves • “Tracks”=== routes • “Trains”=== farm wagons Transporting the escaping slaves • “Depots”=== safe houses to rest/sleep spirituals also had hidden messages in them that only Slaves and RR members knew what they meant. “follow the drinking gourd” Following the NORTH STAR

  27. The Grimke sisters, • Sarah and Angelina, were • southern women who • lectured publicly • throughout the northern • states about the evils of • slavery they had seen growing up on a plantation in South Carolina. • Their public careers began when Garrison published a letter from Angelina in his newspaper The Liberator

  28. Women within the Movement • opposition to women participating • Sojourner Truth • Nat Turner’s Rebellion • Preacher - 80 followers * killed 60 before captured • Slave Codes tighten control in South • FEAR of spreading ideas leading to revolts • Could be arrested for teaching and reading the Bible to Slaves (Religion teaching Freedom) • Southern Anti-Abolitionist Laws • Could be arrested for having Literature • GAG ORDER prevents debate on Slavery

  29. WHO IS WORSE? “BOTH Pointing Fingers” Southern Views on Slavery • Positive Slavery MYTH spread (propaganda) Compare living & working conditions of Slaves to treatment of workers in the northern factories NORTH mistreated of Factory Workers did not care how their workers lived • INDUSTRIAL SLAVERY(North) • Explosion in Factories 1820 – 1850 • Massive Urbanization in the NORTH • Working / Living conditions • Children in factories, disease, housing • Sectional Differences between the NORTH and SOUTH GROWING

  30. 1852 Uncle Tom’s CabinHarriet Beecher Stowe Subject of Slavery Won’t Die

  31. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 • Sold 300,000 copies in the first year. • 2 million in a decade!

  32. Propaganda “ideas, facts, or allegations spread deliberately to further one's cause or to damage an opposing cause” NOT History – NOT True Record of anything “push Point of view or Cause Reaction” Very Simple, Exaggerated Story (soap opera) Good & Bad characters Good Slave Owner – Evil Slave Owner (neither real) Shows how Slavery was EVIL and corrupts and damages EVERYONE… Institution of Slavery is Destroying the South -Damaged ALL the families involved with it: Slaves and Slave Owners MORAL STRUGGLE (wrong – can’t be justified)

  33. Immigration Effects Society flood of immigration 1830-1860 German – Upper Mississippi and Ohio Valley Regions Irish Potato Famine massive Irish immigration • (Competition - housing, jobs etc..) Discrimination - Irish, Germans • Anti-Immigration Feelings-Politics • NATIVISM Movement

  34. Flood of Immigration 1846 – 1854 West Coast (China, Japan, Other European) East - IRISH POTATO FAMINE & others Immigrants face Opposition -Nativism -Anti-Catholicism New Political Parties Develop -The Know-Nothings -New Republican Party -Democratic Party (History of the 2-Party System) 1845-1860 New Immigration Waves Leads To New Political Parties

  35. The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party] • Nativists. • Anti-Catholics. • Anti-immigrants • Irish • German • Asian Movie: Gangs of New York 1849  Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

  36. 1852Election Results Shows Political Parties Changing Whigs LOSE Free-Soil NEW Party

  37. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

  38. 1854 - Stephen A. Douglas Bill -Kansas Nebraska Act ( Popular Sovereignty ) ”let the people in territories decide themselves” Creation of the Republican Party

  39. Republican Party (Anti-Slavery) • School House in Wisconsin • Northern Whigs • Know-Nothing • Anti-Slavery Democrats • Free-Soilers • July 6, 1854 Jackson, Michigan REPUBLICAN PARTY • Horace Greely • DEMANDS THE REPEAL OF THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT

  40. “ Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians”(pro-slavery Missourians)

  41. Violence Begins EARLY -Northerners send Free Soilers to Kansas -Proslavery groups vote * illegal elections • Both Sides Claim VICTORY • 2 Capitals (1 Pro-Slavery - 1 Anti-Slavery) • Topeka -antislavery capital Lecompton-proslavery capital

  42. “BLOODY KANSAS”(mini Civil War) -Capital v. Capital -settler v. settler * BORDER FIGHTS * • (Kansas Red Legs) Anti-Slavery Fanatics * John Brown – Potawatomie • During the War (Militant Groups) • Missouri / Kansas Border Wars • Charles Sumner beaten by Preston Brooks

  43. “The Crime Against Kansas” In May 1856 he delivered his most famous antislavery oration, "The Crime Against Kansas." Two days later, in the most violent act ever committed on the floor of Congress, Sumner was beaten unconscious in the Senate by an irate South Carolina congressman, Preston Brooks. Cong. Preston Brooks(D-SC) Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

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