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Caitlyn McKay. Structures and Thermal. Passive Thermal Control. Barbeque mode .1 deg/sec Space blanket Kapton : .005” thick, $15.50 per ft^2 Teflon: .031” thick, $21.47 per ft^2 Heat Pipe .25” to 1” outside diameter carries 100W to 1000W >10 kg for 1 m of pipe. Active Thermal Control.
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Caitlyn McKay Structures and Thermal
Passive Thermal Control Caitlyn McKay Structures and Thermal • Barbeque mode • .1 deg/sec • Space blanket • Kapton: .005” thick, $15.50 per ft^2 • Teflon: .031” thick, $21.47 per ft^2 • Heat Pipe • .25” to 1” outside diameter carries 100W to 1000W • >10 kg for 1 m of pipe
Active Thermal Control Caitlyn McKay Structures and Thermal • cryogenic cooler • turbo-Braytoncryocoolers • very small mass and size • 4 to 10 Kelvin range • Sunpower M77 • $40,000 • lift 4W at 77K for 100W input • large mass
Barbeque Mode Caitlyn McKay Structures and Thermal Used in Apollo Initial attitude that would place the spacecraft side-on to the Sun while avoiding gimbal lock Rotation of axis can begin to rotate causing coning Tracking programs used to carefully control overall attitude as rotation progressed
Space Blanket Caitlyn McKay Structures and Thermal Hubble has 16 thin layers of dimpled aluminized Kapton material covered by outer aluminized Teflon shell less than one tenth of an inch thick Allows rovers to use smaller solar panels and batteries
Space Blanket Caitlyn McKay Structures and Thermal • Teflon • withstand 260° C • Kapton • withstand -268 ° C to 400 ° C • .005” thick = 27 ft^2/lb
Heat Pipe Figure based on M&M Metals website [Name] [Group]
Cryogenic Cooler Caitlyn McKay Structures and Thermal • Reverse-BraytonCryocooler • centrifugal compressor, recuperative heat exchanger, expansion turbine and thermal interfaces to the load and heat rejection devices • radiator used to reject heat from the compressor space
Reverse-BratonCryocooler Figure based on Creare website [Name] [Group]
turbo-BraytonCryocooler Caitlyn McKay Structures and Thermal Creare, Inc compressor, counterflow heat exchanger and tuboalternator (expander) 1 million RPM used on NIMCOS
References Caitlyn McKay Structures and Thermal • Barbeque Mode • How Apollo Flew to the Moon by W. David Woods • Space Blanket • nasa.gov • kapton.dupont.com • professionalplastics.com
References Caitlyn McKay Structures and Thermal • Heat Pipe • mmmetals.com • energytransferinc.com • Cryogenic Cooler • creare.com • cryo.gsfc.nasa.gov