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Chapter 1: Group Work: An Introduction

Chapter 1: Group Work: An Introduction. Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark D. Stauffer. The History of Group Work. Beginnings Joseph Hersey Pratt → Tuberculosis Cody Marsh Edward Lazell → Psychotics

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Chapter 1: Group Work: An Introduction

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  1. Chapter 1: Group Work: An Introduction Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark D. Stauffer

  2. The History of Group Work • Beginnings • Joseph Hersey Pratt → Tuberculosis • Cody Marsh • Edward Lazell → Psychotics • Alfred Adler and Rudolph Dreikurs • → Families and children

  3. The History of Group Work • Beginnings • Jesse B. Davis → Vocational guidance • Frank Parsons → Vocational • Trigant Burrow → Group analysis • Jacob L. Moreno → Psychodrama

  4. The History of Group Work • 1930s • Louis Wender → Family transference manifestation • Loretta Bender → Children • Betty Gabriel → Adolescents • S. R. Slavson → Activity therapy groups • Alcoholics Anonymous

  5. The History of Group Work • 1940s • WWII (Samuel Hadden, Harris Pick, Irving Berger, Donald Shaskan, William C. Menniger, Joshua Bierer, S. H. Foulkes, and Wilfred R. Bion) • Kurt Lewin → Field theory and Gestalt Psychology • T-groups (training groups)

  6. The History of Group Work • 1940s • American Society of Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama founded by J. L. Moreno • American Group Psychotherapy Association founded by S. R. Slavson

  7. The History of Group Work • 1950s • J. J. Geller → Elderly • Family Counseling (Rudolph Dreikurs, John Bell, Nathan Ackerman, Gregory Bateson, and Virginia Satir)

  8. The History of Group Work • 1960s and 1970s • Community mental health centers • Nontraditional groups • Transcendental meditation • The encounter group

  9. The History ofGroup Work • 1960s and 1970s • Fritz Perls → Gestalt therapy • Eric Berne → Transactional analysis • William C. Shultz → Nonverbal communication in groups • Jack Gibb → Cooperative vs. competitive behavior in groups • Carl Rogers → Encounter group

  10. The History ofGroup Work • 1960s and 1970s • Association For Specialists in Group Work (ASGW) • American Psychological Association (APA) • National Association of Social Workers (NASW)

  11. The History ofGroup Work • 1980s • Groups for specialized populations (e.g., alcoholics, incest victims, overweight people, grief and loss, etc.) • ASGW ethical standards for group work • Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP)

  12. The History ofGroup Work • 1990s and Beyond • ASGW • Core competencies and specialization requirements • Four types of groups • Supervision • CACREP • Revised accreditation standards • Identified essential curricular elements

  13. Goals for Groups • General goals for groups • Goals for specialized groups • Goals based on theoretical perspectives • Goals developed by group members

  14. Types of Groups • Task/work groups • Guidance/psychoeducational groups • Counseling groups • Psychotherapy groups • Other models for group work

  15. Composition of Groups • Heterogeneous or mixed-gender group composition • Social microcosm • Confrontation of self-defeating behavior • Focus on the present • Reality testing • Generation of gender-based anxiety

  16. Composition of Groups • Homogeneous or same-gender group composition • All-female groups • All-male groups

  17. Therapeutic Factors in Groups • Yalom’s curative factors • Instillation of hope • Universality • Imparting of information • Altruism • The corrective recapitulation of the primary family group • Development of socialization • Imitative behavior • Interpersonal learning • Group cohesiveness • Catharsis • Existential factors

  18. Personal Characteristics of Group Leaders • Presence • Personal power • Courage • Self-awareness • Belief in the group process • Inventiveness

  19. Personal Characteristics of Group Leaders • Stamina and energy • Goodwill and caring • Openness • Awareness of one’s own culture • Nondefensiveness in coping with attacks • Sense of humor • Personal dedication and commitment • Willingness to model • Willingness to seek new experiences

  20. Myths Connected with Group Work • Everyone benefits from group experience. • Groups can be composed in a way that assures success. • The group revolves around the leader’s charisma.

  21. Myths Connectedwith Group Work • Leaders can direct groups through structured exercises or experiences. • Therapeutic change in groups comes about through here-and-now experiences. • Major member learning in groups is derived from self-disclosure and feedback.

  22. Myths Connectedwith Group Work • A leader does not have to understand group process and group dynamics. • Changes made by group participants are not maintained. • A group is a place to get emotionally high.

  23. Myths Connectedwith Group Work • A group’s purpose is to make members close to every other member. • Group participation results in brainwashing. • To benefit from a group, a member has to be dysfunctional.

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