NLS Work Histories: NLSY79 & NLSY97

1. NLS Work Histories:NLSY79 & NLSY97

2. Cohort Overview

3. Work/Event History Array Week-by-Week Arrays • Status array • Employment related activity • Working at a specific civilian job • Unemployed • Out of the labor force • Active military service • Sometimes called the ‘A’ array • Hours array • Dual job array • Records the 2nd (3rd, 4th) job worked in a week • Only civilian jobs

4. Work/Event History Array Employer Section Data • For each job • Employment dates • Collected in an event history format • Work/search activities during gaps within jobs • Type of employment • E.g., military • Hours worked • Gaps between jobs • Work/search activities

5. Employment Section Structure

6. Employment Section Structure Overview

8. Employer Roster Formation

9. Roster Formation: General information • Basic roster generated during the interview • Employer name • Start & stop dates • Sort to assign order from most recent • Employer supplements asked in roster order • Post-interview • Employer name translated to a position/job id • Other information added to roster • E.g., NLSY97 flag for military jobs • Questionnaire / Roster QNAME mismatch • Survey questions replaced by roster information

10. Structure of the NLSY79

11. NLSY79 Roster Formation • R1-R15 • CPS section • Asked prior to ‘On Jobs’ section • Employment activity in previous week • Current/most recent employer determined • E.g., hours, industry & occupation, class of worker • ‘On Jobs’ section • Remaining jobs collected on roster • E.g., hours, industry & occupation, class of worker • R16 and beyond • All jobs collected in ‘On Jobs’ section • Implication for researchers • Most CPS job data under different QNAMEs [<r16]

12. NLSY79 Roster: R1-R8 Key Points • Civilian jobs • Work at least 20hrs/wk for 9weeks • Less information • Jobs worked fewer than 20 hrs/wk • Short term jobs (less than 9 weeks) • Paper & Pencil Interviews (PAPI) • FIs told to list jobs in reverse chronological order • CPS job usually listed first • Data on up to 10 jobs collected • Data on up to 5 jobs released to public • Information on all jobs used in created variables and created event history arrays

13. NLSY79 Roster: Changes in R9 • Expanded job information collected • Work at least 10 hrs/wk for 9weeks • Non-CPS jobs lasting 10-19 hrs/wk • Occupation • Industry • Class of worker

14. NLSY79 Roster: Changes in R15/R16 • Transition to CAPI • Began in r15 • Employer Roster jobs • Automatically sorted in reverse order • Current/most recent (CPS) job always listed first • CPS section asked on a rotating basis [r19+] • Current/most recent job information • Collected in employer supplement [r16+] • E.g., hours, industry & occupation, class of worker

15. NLSY79 Roster: Major Change in R20 • Determine job-type in ‘On Jobs’ section • Prior to entering employer supplements • Supplements administered according to job-type • 3 job types • Traditional employment • Self employment • Defined by the type of work, not clients • Non-traditional employment • Temporary agency workers • On-call workers • Contract workers

16. NLSY79 R20+ Job Determination:Self-Employment • Own a business • Sole owner (with spouse) • Partner • Own 50 percent or more of the business • Director, Chief Executive Officer, or principal managing partner • Independent contractor or consultant • [Supposed to] file federal tax return form SE to report self-employment income

17. NLSY79 R20+ Job Determination: Non-Traditional • Temporary Agency • Paid by a temporary help agency that assigns worker • On-call workers • Only work on-call hours • Contract workers • Companies contract w/employer to provide workers • “We consider [job name] to be a single employer. Until otherwise instructed, please answer all questions about this job based on your experience with [job name] and not a specific client or assignment”

18. NLSY79 R20+ Job Determination: Traditional • Supervisor employed by the same company • Employer provides tools/equipment • Work primarily at home but is otherwise a regular employee of the company

19. NLSY79 R20+ Job Determination: None of the above • “This job does not seem to fit the usual patterns we deal with. Could you briefly describe the sort of working arrangement you have in terms of who owns the business, your relationship with that business, who supervises you and assigns work and who pays you?” • Receives a traditional job supplement • Most who answer this question have traditional jobs

20. NLSY97: Differences in Employer Roster Formation • Employer ID assigned • YEMP_UID.xx • Job reports less constrained • No minimum hours or weeks bounds • More data on shorter-term or part-time jobs that transition into longer-term or full-time jobs • Both military & civilian jobs on Employer Roster • YEMP_MILFLAG.01 • No CPS distinction • No constraint on the number of jobs reported • All jobs in created variables & event history arrays

21. Connecting Employer Roster Data • Loop numbers match information collected in each job-specific employer supplement • Loop numbers match information found in created variables • Questionnaire/Roster QNAME mismatch • Survey questions replaced by roster items in data • NLSY79: EMPLOYER_* [r18+] • NLSY97: YEMP_

22. Employer-Specific Supplements

23. Structure of the NLSY79

24. Employer Supplements (ES) • Collected for each employer • Class of worker • Public • Private • Government • Family/Self-employed • Armed Forces • Hours worked • Industry • Occupation • Gaps within jobs • Rate of pay • Covered in a later session

25. 79/97 Supplement Differences: Work Histories • Reference point for data collection • Job type • Self-employed/freelance jobs • Non-traditional jobs • Temporary agency workers • On-Call workers • Contract workers • Military jobs

26. Data Collection Reference Point • NLSY79 • Data collected as of survey date • Except hours at start of each job (began in r20) • NLSY97 • Data for new jobs • Collect as of the job’s start date • Data for jobs lasting more than 13 weeks • Collect currently/as of the job’s stop date • Implication for event history hours array • Hours worked when started for short term jobs • Latest hours worked for jobs lasting 13+ weeks

27. 79/97 Supplement Differences • Reference point for data collection • Job type • Self-employed/freelance jobs • Non-traditional jobs • Temporary agency workers • On-call workers • Contract workers • Military jobs

28. Comparing Self-Employment • NLSY79 • Prior to r20: reported with other jobs • Business incorporated • Number of employees • R20 and beyond • Tailored self-employed supplement • NLSY97 • R1-r5: freelance section includes self-employed jobs • Not included in event history/created variables • R6-r8: reported with other jobs • Included in event history/created variables • R9 and beyond: separate supplement • Included in event history/created variables • Mirrors the NLSY79 r20 section

29. NLSY97 R1-R5

30. NLSY97 Freelance Jobs Questions • All freelance jobs • Type • Weeks worked at job • Usual hours per week • Number of weekdays, weekends, days/week • Usual weekly earnings • Freelance jobs earning more than $200/week • Industry • Occupation • Number of people who worked for R • Reason job ended

31. NLSY97 Self-Employment: R1-R3 • Age restrictions • Age 12 & 13 • Freelance section only • Older than 14 • Both the employer & the freelance section • Created variables & the event history arrays are constructed for jobs reported in the employer section only

32. NLSY97 Self-Employment: R4 & R5 • Add freelance jobs into the employer section • R4: 1983 & 1984 cohorts receive the freelance section • R5: 1984 cohort receives the freelance section • Implications • Self-employment jobs on the Employer Roster for those who aged-out of the freelance section • Created variables & created event history variables include self-employed jobs when collected on the Employer Roster

33. NLSY97 Self-Employment: R6-R8 • Freelance section no longer exists • All jobs reported in the employer section • Self-employment • Freelance jobs • All [civilian] jobs included in the constructed variables and the event history status arrays

34. Self-Employed Information • NLSY79 • Business incorporated [all rounds] • Number of employees [most rounds] • Run business from home/outside home [r20+] • NLSY97 Freelance section, age 16+; r1-r3 • Business incorporated • Number of employees • Run business from home • NLSY97 Employer section, r4+ • Business incorporated • Number of employees • Run business from home

35. NLSY79 Self-Employment: R20 • How business started • Percentage owned • Financial information • Value • Liabilities • No longer at business • Reason • New job before business close • Value after liquidation

36. 79/97 Supplement Differences • Reference point for data collection • Job type • Self-employed/freelance jobs • Non-traditional jobs • Temporary agency workers • On-call workers • Contract workers • Military jobs

37. NLSY79 Non-Traditional Jobs: R3-R15 • ‘Some jobs are odd jobs-that is, work done from time to time. Others are REGULAR jobs-that is, jobs done on a more or less regular basis. Is this a job that is done on a more or less regular basis or is it an odd job?’ • CPS employer only (r3-r15) • All employers (r16+)

38. NLSY79 Non-Traditional Jobs: R16-19 • “Are you a regular employee at this job, do you consider yourself a temp worker, consultant or contractor, or are you an employee of a contractor?” • Non-traditional before a regular employee • Expect job to become permanent or remain temporary • Paid by a temporary agency or contractor • Ever a regular employee for this employer • All employers

39. NLSY79 Non-Traditional Jobs: R20+ • Identified in the Employer Roster section • # weeks expect to be on assignment • Monthly earnings over all assignments • # different assignments • # periods with no assignment • If <5 then collect information on all • If 5+ then collect information • Most recent • # weeks total

40. NLSY97 Non-Traditional Jobs • R1-R8 • Traditional supplement • No specific questions • R9 and beyond • Section mirrors the current NLSY79 section

41. 79/97 Supplement Differences • Reference point for data collection • Job type • Self-employed/freelance jobs • Non-traditional jobs • Temporary agency workers • On-call workers • Contract workers • Military jobs

42. Military Experience • Military-specific questions • Pay grade • Dates of service • Branch of service • Regular branch or reserves • Military occupation • NLSY97 r2+ • NLSY79 from r1-r7

43. NLSY79 Military Experience • Military oversample (N=1,280) • R1-r6 collect data • R7 and beyond • Funding cutbacks reduced this oversample • 201 remain in sample • Military jobs not on Employer Roster • Not assigned a job id • Work history coded to reflect military job • No other civilian jobs held at that time

44. NLSY97 Military Experience • Military-specific questions began in R2 • Identified in the class of worker question • At this employer are you employed by government, by a PRIVATE company, a nonprofit organization or are you working WITHOUT pay in a family business or farm or are you a member of the Armed Forces? • YEMP-58500 • Small number of misidentified military jobs • Correctly coded in YEMP_MILFLAG • Rs answer regular employer supplement initially • Answer correct question set at next interview

45. Gaps Between Jobs Section

46. Structure of the Gap Section

47. Gaps Between Jobs • Number of weeks • On layoff • Looking for work • Main reason did not look for work • Methods of job search used • NLSY79: Not in r20+ • Possibly on rotating basis in future rounds

48. Created Variables: NLSY79 & NLSY97

49. Created Variables • Inputs • Answers to interview questions • Employer Roster data • Data from previous rounds • Outputs • Created variables • Point-in-time (e.g., hourly wage) • Longitudinal (number of jobs ever worked) • Employment event history arrays • NLSY79: work history arrays

50. Number of Jobs Created Variables