Swine Management and Industry

1. Swine Management and Industry Animal Science Level 2

2. Unit Map: Follow Along in your packet WHAT ARE YOU LEARNING? AS.06.02 Basic: Recognize, Identify, and Evaluate the effects of disease and parasites in animals AS.03.01: ID breeds and species that are economically important

3. Know Understand Do! Know Types of swine breeds Basic Care Requirements Industry Standards Do • Graphic Organizer of Swine Breeds • Summarize care practices • Analyze disease effects on Animals Understand • Defining Characteristics of swine breeds • Proper care and disease prevention • Physiology of swine

4. Key Learning: Swine Management and Industry Unit EQ: Why is the swine industry “under appreciated” ? Concept : Types Lesson EQ: How are swine breeds defined? Vocab Swine Index Confirmation Sound Concept : Industry Practices Lesson EQ: How is the swine industry efficient? Vocab Farrow – to- Finish Fabrication/Slaughter Grouping Concept : Management and Care Lesson EQ: How are swine managed? Vocab PQA Farrowing Gilt, Boar

5. Swine Management and Industry Animal Science Level 2 Breeds, Types, and Their Purposes

6. Warm Up • Where does this product come from?

7. Essential Question • How are swine breeds defined?

8. Breeds of Swine: Follow Along with your worksheet

9. American Landrace • Developed around 1895 • Long body length • Ears large and drooping • Sows noted for good milk production

10. Berkshire • Developed in England • Came to U.S. in 1823 • Medium size hog • Erect ears, short snout • 6 white points

11. Chester White • Developed in PA. • Drooped ears • Known for mothering ability

12. Duroc • Developed in eastern U.S. • Drooped ears • Red in color • One of the most popular breeds in U.S.

13. Hampshire • Developed in England • Erect ears • White band circling the body • Know for lean meat

14. Poland China • Developed in Ohio • Black with six white points • Drooping ears • One of the larger breeds of hogs • Used in cross breeding programs

15. Spotted Breed • Developed in Indiana • At least 20% of body must be either black or white • First known as the Spotted Poland China

16. Tamworth • Originated in England • Brought to U.S. in 1882 • Red in color • Lean meat • Excellent mothering ability

17. Yorkshire • Developed in England • Came to U.S. in 1800s • Erect ears • Sometimes has black freckles

18. Vietnamese Potbelly • Developed from a dwarf swine breed from Vietnam in the 1960s • Brought to U.S from Canada in 1986 • Full grown potbellied pigs weigh an average of 70-150 lb. • Utilized as a pet

19. Picking the Perfect Pig: Major Categories • I. Visual appraisal • II. Production testing • III. Pedigree evaluation

20. Visual Appraisal • Parts of the Hog (fill in your worksheet)

21. Visual Appraisal 1. Look at confirmation 2. Structural soundness of feet and legs- NPPC scoring system 3. Size and scale- weigh 200 at 6months, 4. Health and vigor

22. Visual Appraisal • NPPC scoring system • Unsound- Obvious restriction of movement • Intermediate- Structural condition is not serious enough to create risk in movement • Sound- free of major or minor structural weakness

23. II. Swine Performance data • Based on: • Sow productivity, • growth rate, • feed efficiency and • carcass merit

24. Heritability: • % rate that a trait/characteristic will be passed on to offspring • Low heritability means it is unlikely that trait will be passed on • High Heritability means that trait is easily passed on to each generation • Why do we care? • Heritability ensures we receive desired traits from generation to generation

25. A sow is productive if? Prolific- min 8/9 offspring 2.5 to 4 lb birth wt. 21 day litter wt= milking ability Sow index- how good she is compared to her peers (contemp. group)

26. Lets do the mathSow index:= 100+6.5(L-l)+1.0(W-w) L= # piglets born alive l= avg. # piglets born alive for contemp group W= 21 day weight for individual w= 21 day weight for contemp group

27. b. growth weight • Number of days required to reach a specific weightUsually 230 pounds

28. c. Feed efficiency • amount of weight gained per amount of food eaten

29. d. Carcass merit • What are the types of Hogs?Primary Lean Cuts = hams, loins, picnics, Boston ButtsMeat Type Hog: more than half the weight of a Number 1 animal is Primary Lean Cuts(PLC) • Bacon Type Hog: less than 1/2 is PLC–      large litter size–      little value in U.S. except to increase litter size

30. d. Carcass merit • USDA grades 1,2,3,4, UtilityBased on yield of lean cuts: Backfat over last rib Muscling1 is good and Utility is undesirable

31. What it comes down to: • Hog Selection • U Feed Conversion Rate: pounds of feed needed to make a pound of hog • – no more than 4 lbs of feed per 1 lb of hog • U Minimum Litter Size = 9 • U First Litter should have a combined pig wt at 21 days of 95 lbs or more • –      110 lbs for a mature sow

32. Fun Facts: Did you know • Uncle Sam was a New York pork packer who sent barrels of Pork to troops in the War of 1812 stamped U.S. • Living High on the Hog came about because the higher rank you were in the army the better cut of pork you got. • Heaviest Hog ever: was a Poland China named Big Bill weighing 2,552 lbs.

33. Activity • Most Productive Piggie Worksheet • Calculators and extra paper Ready!

34. Swine Management and Industry Animal Science Level 2 Management Systems

35. Warm up • List a few different management type systems we have previously discussed… • Would they work for swine? • Why or why not?

36. Essential Question • How are swine managed?

37. Introduction • Efficient use of resources is the key to profitability • To remain competitive swine producers MUST select breeding stock that will remain lean and feed efficiently

38. Factors That Affect Profitability • Number of pigs weaned per sow • Minimum goal for producers should be 21-22 pigs per year for each breeding female • Females should be bred and managed to produce a minimums of 2.3 litters during each 12 month period • Feed efficiency • feed wastage should be considered and controlled

39. Types of Swine Production

40. Types • Purebred • Commercial • Feeder pig production • Buying and finishing feeder pigs • Complete sow and litter systems • Swine production can also be classified according to the type of housing used • Pasture, combination pasture and low-investment housing, high-investment total confinement

41. Pasture Management • Farrowing a smaller number of sows per year • Requires enough pasture to be able to rotate pasture to reduce disease and parasite problems • Farrowing only once or twice a year • Low investment in building

42. Confinement Management • High level of mechanization to reduce labor requirements • High investment in buildings and equipment • Multiple farrowings per year with a large number of hogs raised • High level of management ability needed • High degree of control over feeding operation • Better year-round working conditions • Stringent disease and parasite control program • Use of very little priced land

43. Purebred Production • Specialized • Make up less than 1% of the total hogs raised • Produce foundation stock used in commercial production • Must be excellent managers • Higher investment in labor and record keeping • Must keep accurate records • Must spend a great deal of time advertising, showing and promoting swine breeds

44. Commercial • Means used to produce most of the pork produced in the United States • Use crossbreeding • Often cross purebred boars onto crossbred sows • Good management is necessary

45. Feeder Pig Production • Produces pigs that are sold to feeders who feed them to market weights • Producer has a herd of breeding sows • Baby pigs are taken care of until they reach weaning weight • A high producing herd is required • An average of 14-16 pigs marketed per sow is required to break even • Goal is to raise uniform groups of feeder pigs for sale • Health problems MUST be prevented or carefully treated • Generally requires only small investments • Farrowing needs to be scheduled to have a steady supply of feeder pigs for sale • Requires less total feed

46. Buying and Finishing Feeder Pigs • Operator buys feeder pigs and raises them to market weight • Lest investment and managerial ability • Possible to feed pigs on pasture or with limited facilities • Trend is towards investing in more confinement systems • Cost are higher with this operation

47. Buying and Finishing Feeder Pigs • Requires higher investment to purchase pigs • Well adapted to producers who have large amounts of grain for feed • Requires less labor • Disadvantages • Health problems • Variation in market prices • It is a fairly high risk that there will be no profit made

48. Complete Sow and Litter System • Most common method of production • Involves • Breeding herd of sows • Farrowing pigs • Caring for and feeding the pigs to market weight • Investments • Can be low for pasture systems • High for confinement systems and facilities • Trend is toward more confinement systems with larger numbers of sows being kept in the producing herd

49. Complete Sow and Litter System • Confinement permits spreading the production and marketing of pigs more evenly through the years • This results in an increased potential for profit • Labor, management and investment requirements vary considerably

50. Pork Quality Assurance Program