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The Skeletal System

The Skeletal System. Chapter 20C. Purpose of the Skeleton. Support Protection Movement Storage for minerals Formation of blood cells. Bones in a living human are LIVING ORGANS!. The Human Skeleton. Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton. Bone Anatomy. Diaphysis (shaft) Epiphyses

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The Skeletal System

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  1. The Skeletal System Chapter 20C

  2. Purpose of the Skeleton • Support • Protection • Movement • Storage for minerals • Formation of blood cells

  3. Bones in a living human are LIVING ORGANS!

  4. The Human Skeleton • Axial skeleton • Appendicular skeleton

  5. Bone Anatomy • Diaphysis (shaft) • Epiphyses • Epiphyseal plate • Articular cartilage • Periosteum

  6. Bone Anatomy • Compact bone • Marrow cavity • Endosteum • Red bone marrow • Yellow bone marrow • Spongy bone

  7. Microstructure of a Bone • Haversian system • unit of compact bone; consists of blood vessels and hard matrix • Lamellae • layers of hard matrix

  8. Microstructure of a Bone • Lacunae • fluid-filled “pools” between the lamellae • Osteocytes • living bone cells

  9. Microstructure of a Bone • Lacunae • Osteocytes • Canaliculi • tiny “canals” leading from the blood vessels to the osteocytes

  10. Cartilage • Flexible, soft matrix • Avascular • Ends of bones, nose, ears, connecting ribs to sternum

  11. Ossification conversion of cartilage into bone

  12. Bone Development • Growth in length = epiphyseal plates • Growth in diameter = periosteum • Osteoclasts

  13. Joints • Points of articulation between two or more bones • Kinds of joints • freely movable • slightly movable • immovable

  14. Types of Movable Joints • Ball-and-socket • Hinge • Pivot • Gliding • Gliding/hinge

  15. Anatomy of a Joint • Joint capsule • covers the ends of the bones

  16. Anatomy of a Joint • Joint capsule • Synovial membrane • lines joint cavities • produces synovial fluid • lubricant & shock absorber

  17. Ligaments hold the bones of a joint together Tendons attach bones and muscles

  18. Bursa • Saclike structure located between tendons, ligaments, and bones • Cushions and reduces friction

  19. Bone and Joint Disorders • Arthritis • Bursitis • Dislocation • Osteoporosis • Ruptured disc • Sprain • Water on the knee

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