Paragraph building deductive pattern

1. Paragraph buildingdeductive pattern Sentences 1-2 a good topic(main idea) statement introduce the topic, complete statement of the main idea, not too much detail, use one or more key words, refine the topic(sentence 2), suggest how the topic will be developed: • By comparison and contrast, • By cause-and-effect analysis etc. B.Kosel

2. paragraph development Topic statement Supporting statements B.Kosel

3. Patterns of supporting statements • Chronological description • Cause and effect analysis • Comparison and contrast • Listing B.Kosel

4. Chronological description Time adverbs and phrases: in 1980, last week, at 10.15, first, second, finally, soon after the project began verb tense sequencing: Originally we wanted....more recently we have attempted, now we are trying, in the future we will try to B.Kosel

5. Cause and effect • Connective words: therefore, thus, consequently, as a result, so, accordingly • Subordinate clauses: since, because of • Verbs: cause, result in, give rise to, afftect, require, produce B.Kosel

6. Comparison and contrast • Connective words: however, on the other hand, in contrast, similarly, likewise • Comparative constructions: more than, -er, as ......as, less than, rather than, is different from, the more ...... The less • Subordinate clauses: while, whereas, but B.Kosel

7. Listing • Parallel form: A is , B seems, C is also, D are also • Order of importance: most important, of lesser importance, least important B.Kosel

8. From general to particular • Each next sentence focuses on a smaller frame of reference B.Kosel

9. coherence Given .................................new Old .....................................new Old......................................new Old .....................................new B.Kosel

10. Useful internet pages www.gcal.ac.uk/coursework/writing/linking.html - www.flo-joe.co.uk/cae/students/writing/linking www.vuw.ac.nz/st_services/slss/ essay_writing/linking_words_phrases.html B.Kosel