Human Dentition

1. Human Dentition Introduction Dental Anatomy Includes: 1- Nomenclature & terminology. 2- The external morphology and internal composition of individual teeth. 3-How tooth form serves its function. 4- The relationship of teeth to each other and to the jaw bones.

2. The Jaws & Dental Arches Dental Anatomy Nomenclature

3. The Jaws and Dental Arches A. The maxilla is two bones forming the upper jaw; they are rigidly attached to the skull. • B.The mandible is a horse-shoe shaped bone which articulates with the skull by way of the temporo-mandibular joint the TMJ.

4. Left Right Quadrants:right & left quadrants Maxillary right and left. Mandibular right and left. 4 Quadrants Right Left

5. Functions of Teeth 1- Mastication: teeth are designed to perform this function. Incisors Canine Premolars Molars At least two projections (cusps). Tearing and grinding Chisel like Cutting or incising Wedge like Cutting and tearing Multiple projections (cusps) Grinding

6. 2- Appearance: - Well arranged clean teeth with proper alignment give nice appearance to the face. – Teeth give support to the facial expressions. 3- Speech: for clear pronunciation and production of sound. 4- Growth of jaws: The teeth play a role in the growth of the jaws in some periods of life.

7. Types of Teeth

8. Types of Teeth Anterior Teeth for cutting & tearing food Posterior Teeth

9. Anterior Teeth- Upper lateral Central Incisors Canine

10. Anterior Teeth- Lower lateral - Central Incisors Canine

11. Premolars:(in permanent only) Upper First premolar & Second premolar Lower

12. Molars: Upper First & second Lower Wisdom tooth = Third permanent molar

13. Types of Dentitions:Primary & Permanent Dentition

14. Types of Dentitions: I-Primary Dentition Deciduous ,baby, milk teeth: a. Twenty( 20) primary teeth. b. 10 in each arch c. 5 in each quadrant In function: 2 years  12 years

15. I-Primary Dentition

16. Mixed Dentition Period 6 years12 years Eruption of first permanent molar Shedding of last primary molar

17. 6 years eruption of first permanent molar

18. 12 yearsShedding of last primary molar

19. II-Permanent Dentition In function: 12 years through out life

20. Permanent Teeth

21. Tooth Identification SystemsNumbering or Coding Systems • Palmer Notation System • Universal System • International FDI System • (two digit system)

22. 1-Palmer Notation System 2 for Permanent Teeth Right Left 1 - 8 1 1 8 - 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 7 8 - 1 6 1 - 8 5 4 3 1 2

23. It represents the four quadrants of the dentition as if you are facing the patient. In upper right In upper left In lower right In lower left Horizontal and vertical lines = symbol for the quadrant The permanent teeth are numbered from 1-8 on each side from the midline. Upper right Upper left 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Lower right Lower left

24. Palmer Notation System A for Primary Teeth B C E-A A-E D E A-E E-A

25. The deciduous teeth are lettered from A-E on each side from the midline Upper right Upper left E D C B A A B C D E E D C B A A B C D E Lower right Lower left

26. Palmer Notation System

27. 2-The International Numbering System“FDI”Federation Dentaire International(the two digit system) • The teeth are designated by using two-digits: • The first digit of the code is located at the left side of the number and indicates the quadrant: • In permanent dentition In deciduous dentition • U.R. 12 U.L. U.R. 56 U.L • L.R. 4 3 L. L. L.R. 8 7 L.L.

28. For permanent Teeth 2-International System(Two Digit System)“FDI” Federation Dentaire International 11 21 12 22 13 23 14 24 15 25 16 26 17 27 28 18 First Digit = quadrant 38 48 2 1 37 47 36 46 4 35 3 45 44 34 43 33 42 32 41 31

29. Second Digit = Tooth number in the quadrant b- The second digit is located at the right side of the number and indicates the number ofthe tooth in the quadrant. The two digits should be pronounced separately. Permanent teeth 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

30. For Primary Teeth 51 61 2-International System(Two Digit System)“FDI” Federation Dentaire International 52 62 53 63 54 64 First Digit = quadrant 55 5 6 65 First Digit = quadrant 8 7 85 6 75 5 84 8 7 74 83 73 72 82 81 71

31. For Primary Teeth 6 5 First Digit = quadrant 7 8 Second Digit = Tooth number in the quadrant Primary Teeth 55 54 53 52 51 61 62 63 64 65 85 84 83 82 81 71 72 73 74 75

33. Universal system for Permanent Teeth

34. Universal System for Primary Teeth

35. Macro & Micro-anatomy of Teeth crown neck root

36. Surrounding Bone:Crypt  developing tooth Socket  erupted tooth root

37. Anatomical Crown & Clinical Crown

38. Single-rooted Multi-rooted

39. Micro-anatomy of Teeth

40. Pulp Cavity • 1-Coronal pulp: • Pulp chamber • Pulp horns • 2-Radicular pulp: • Root canal • Apical foramen

41. Pulp Cavity in Root • 2-Radicular pulp: • Root canal • Apical foramen

42. Surfaces of Teeth

43. Surfaces of teeth are identified by the relationship to surrounding orofacial structures Each tooth has Five surfaces: • Facial • Lingual, • Mesial, and • Distal (proximal) • Functioning surf. • (Incisal) occlusal,

44. FACIAL SURFACEany surface on the outside (towards the face) • LABIAL is facial surface of the anterior teeth (green), • 2. BUCCAL is the facial surface of the posterior teeth (blue).

45. Inter-proximal • surfaces: Surfaces in between two teeth: • Facing towards the midline: MESIAL. • Facing away from the midline: DISTAL

46. palatal LINGUALThe surfaces facing the tongue PALATAL on the maxilla.

47. Functioning Surfaces:chewing/biting surfaces of teeth : OCCLUSAL: chewing surfaces of posterior teeth INCISAL: the anteriors’ biting surface

48. Line and Point Angles Division into Thirds

49. Line and Point Angles Line angle: It is formed by the junction of two surfaces and its name is derived from both surfaces Point angle: It is formed by the junction of three surfaces and its name is derived from these surfaces.

50. Line Angles of Anterior Teeth