Gulliver’s Knob

1. Gulliver’s Knob page 564-578

2. Major Beliefs Christianity in its various forms continued to exercise an undiminished power over almost all Europeans Just like in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Religion determined people’s politics in this period. Charles II reestablished the Anglican Church as the official church of the country. Also called the Episcopal Church. American religious, intellectual, and cultural life in the eighteenth century changed because of two movements; the Enlightenment and Great Awakening.

3. Major Genres Comedy of manners, Mock-Heroic/Mock Epic, The Augustan were some major genres in this era. Poets are major genres in the eighteenth century. A couplet is the simplest form of stanza; it is simply two lines rhyming together. The Augustan era of writers like Swift, Defoe, Pope, Addison, and Steele was rich in satire and new prose forms that blended fact and fiction, such as news, criminal biographies, travelogues, political allegories, and romantic tales. English writers consciously modeled their works on the old Latin classic, which were called neoclassical- “new classical.” All educated people knew the Latin classics better than they knew their own English literature.

4. Historical Background People from England and Europe were pouring into North America. Voyagers not only sought freedom from religious and political persecution; they also saw money to be made in the American continents rich lands and forests- in furs, tobacco, and timber for British sailing ships. They transported Africans for use as slave labor. In 1775, these colonies rebelled against British rule and eventually won their freedom. In 1660, the United States was a raw, vigorous, brand-new nation. England was utterly exhausted from nearly twenty years of civil war. By 1700, it had lived through a devastating plague and a fire that left more than two thirds of Londoners homeless. The American colonial economy was built on and sustained by trade and these capitalist societies were tied increasingly to the economic network that spanned the atlantic. Two revolutions took place; a consumer revolution and industrious revolution.

5. Major Authors French writer Voltaire ridiculed in his novel Candide (1759). The great, witty comedies produced during this period (such as William Wycherley’s The Country Wife and William Congreve’s The Way of the World). The works of Samuel Johnson, Jonathan Swift, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe were discovered in this century.

6. Literary Terminology Exaggeration- made to seem better, worse larger, or more important than is true or usual. Paradox- a statement that seems to be a contradiction, but actually presents a truth. Satire- writing that ridicules the faults of a group or society-uses wit or sarcasm. Tone- the speaker's attitude toward the subject or the person he/she is addressing.

7. Contributions to other Cultures In the seventeenth century most of the immigrants to English north America came from England. In the eighteenth century they came instead from Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales, and Germany. Africans were the majority population in South Carolina. The dramatic growth of the colonial population, both black and white, from both immigration and natural increase in the eighteenth century.

8. Language Development 1660-1700 is called the Restoration period because the Parliament. The period between 1700-1750 was called the Augustan Age of English literature because the English writers of this period tried to capture the soul of the Latin literature of the period of King Augustus, which was considered the peak of the development of Latin literature when Virgil, Horace, and Ovid produced their masterpieces. The further development of English literature happened with the publication of Samuel Johnson’s ‘Dictionary of the English Language’ in 1755.

9. Questions How did Enlightenment values affect religious beliefs in comparison to that of the Renaissance? What was the reason for enlightenment? What discovery produced the ideology known as deism How did Alexander Pope and Johnthan Swift have a profound influence in literature? What was new about the way in which nature was regarded and analyzed in the eighteenth century. Compare and contrast the teachings of the neoclassical era to the teachings of the renaissance era? How did the discoveries of the Age of Enlightinment effect religion? What new forms of popular literature developed in the eighteenth century

10. What was the reason for the Enlightenment? The most obvious cause of the Enlightenment was the Thirty Years' War. Lasted from 1618 to 1648. German writers began harsh criticism regarding the idea of nationalism and welfare. Hugo Grotius and John Comenius were some of the first minds of Enlightenment to go against tradition and propose better solutions in the situation. Centuries of mistreatment from monarchies and the church brought citizens in Europe to a breaking point and most finally spoke out.

11. What discovery produced the ideology known as deism? Is the belief that reason and observation of the natural world are sufficient to determine the existence of god. From what I've learned from this era, Thomas Paine The Age of Reason was the discovery produced ideology known as deism.

12. How did Alexander Pope and Johnthan Swift have a profound influence in literature? The Enlightenment was a bit of a dry spell for English literature. Working in the shadow of the Elizabethans presented creative difficulties for English writers, as no one could quite determine how to follow up after Shakespeare and Marlowe. Swift answered the call with Gulliver’s Travels. It established itself as a classic of world, not just English, literature. Pope was possibly most admired for his capable and effective translations of classic literature. Pope’s wrote The Dunciad, a four-part, scathing indictment of eighteenth century English society.

13. What was new about the way in which nature was regarded and analyzed in the eighteenth century. In the 18th century, many Americans began taking on a romantic view of life in response to the strict puritan beliefs on which our country was founded.