The U.S. Becomes a World/Colonial Power

1. The U.S. Becomes a World/Colonial Power (aka “imperialistic dog”)

2. Essential Questions: What factors led to the growth of imperialism around the world? In what ways did the United States begin to expand its interests abroad in the late 1800s? What arguments were made in favor of United States expansion in the 1890s? The Pressure to Expand Chapter 10, Section 1

3. ImperialismWhat’s imperialism? • Under imperialism, stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating weaker nations. The late 1800s marked the peak of European imperialism, with much of Africa and Asia under foreign domination.

4. Factors that account for the growth of imperialism around the world. Economic factors: The growth of industry increased the need for natural resources & overseas markets. Nationalistic factors: Competition among European nations for large empires was the result of a rise in nationalism—or devotion to one’s own nation. Military factors: Europe had better armies than Africa and Asia, and it needed bases around the world to refuel and supply navy ships. Humanitarian factors: Europeans believed that they had a duty to spread the blessings of western civilizations to other countries. “White Man’s Burden” . Growth of Imperialism around the World Chapter 10, Section 1

5. By 1890, the United States was eager to join the competition for new territory. Supporters of expansion denied that the United States sought to annex foreign lands. (To annex is to join a new territory to an existing country.) Yet annexation did take place

6. The US continues to expand under the Monroe Doctrine. 1891: Chilean mob attacks group of US sailors ――► $75,000 1893: Brazilian rebellion threatens US shipping interests ――► US Navy 1895: US tells Britain to leave Venezuela alone ――► GB backs off Setting the Stage

7. Why did the U.S. join the imperialist club at the end of the 19c? 4D’s – Diety, Dollars, Destiny & Defense

8. 1a. Economic Factors (U.S. Foreign Investments) dollars U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

9. 1b. Economic Factors (U.S. Foreign Trade) Dollars American Foreign Trade:1870-1914

10. Military/Strategic Factors = protect U.S. shipping/foreign investments - Defense • D Alfred T. Mahan  The Influence of Sea Power on History: 660-1783 (U.S. needs powerful Navy to protect overseas markets)

11. 3a. Humanistic Factors Social Darwinist Thinking The Hierarchyof Race The White Man’sBurden

12. 3b. Religious/Missionary Interests - Diety American Missionariesin China, 1905

13. 4. Closing the American Frontier - Destiny

14. Hawaii: "Crossroads of the Pacific"

16. U. S. Missionaries in Hawaii Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s

17. U. S. View of Hawaiians Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849 by virtue of economic treaties.

18. Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani Hawaii for the Hawaiians!

19. U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii 1875 – Reciprocity Treaty 1890 – McKinley Tariff 1893 –Americanbusinessmen backed anuprising against Queen Liliuokalani. Sanford Ballard Doleproclaims the Republic of Hawaii in 1894.

20. To The Victor Belongs the Spoils Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

21. Japan

22. Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan: 1853 The Japanese View of Commodore Perry

23. Treaty of Kanagawa: 1854 • Opened Japanese ports to U.S. trade • Ended Japans 300 years of seclusion

24. Gentleman’s Agreement: 1908 A Japanese note agreeing to deny passports tolaborers entering the U.S. Japan recognized the U.S.right to exclude Japaneseimmigrants holding passportsissued by other countries. The U.S. government got theschool board of San Francisco to rescind their order tosegregate Asians in separateschools. 1908  Root-Takahira Agreement.

25. Lodge Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1912 Senator Henry CabotLodge, Sr. (R-MA) Non-European powers,like Japan, would beexcluded from owningterritory in the WesternHemisphere.

27. Alaska

28. “Seward’s Folly”: 1867 $7.2 million

29. “Seward’s Icebox”: 1867

30. Cuba

31. 1868: Island rebels against Spain 1895: Island rebels again Spain crushes the rebellion Spain’s “re-concentration” Cuban exiles cry out for US aid Destruction of US sugar plantations in Cuba…. This gets the attention of the U.S. Cuban Rebellion

32. Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy

33. The Imperialist Taylor

34. Spanish Misrule in Cuba

35. “Yellow Journalism” & Jingoism Joseph Pulitzer Hearst to Frederick Remington:“You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war!” William Randolph Hearst

36. Stolen de Lôme letter USS Maine blows up Preparing in the Philippines (?) McKinley’s demands Non-compliance ――►WAR! Steps to War

37. 2. De Lôme Letter Dupuy de Lôme, SpanishAmbassador to the U.S. Criticized PresidentMcKinley as weak and abidder for the admirationof the crowd, besidesbeing a would-be politicianwho tries to leave a dooropen behind himself whilekeeping on good termswith the jingoes of hisparty.

38. Theodore Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of the Navy in the McKinley administration. Imperialist and American nationalist. Criticized PresidentMcKinley as having the backbone of a chocolate éclair! Resigns his position to fight in Cuba.

39. The “Rough Riders”

40. Remember the Maineand to Hell with Spain! Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

41. The Spanish-American War (1898):“That Splendid Little War” How prepared was the US for war?

42. The Philippines

43. The Spanish-American War (1898):“That Splendid Little War”

44. Dewey Captures Manila!

46. Is He To Be a Despot?

47. Emilio Aguinaldo Leader of the FilipinoUprising. July 4, 1946:Philippine independence

48. William H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the Philippines Great administrator.

49. Our “Sphere of Influence”

50. The Treaty of Paris: 1898 Ends S-A War Cuba was freed from Spanish rule. Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island ofGuam. The U. S. paid Spain$20 mil. for thePhilippines. The U. S. becomesan imperial power!