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Cells

Cells. By: Marcos Soriano Kristin Beringson Jen Gallagher Maureen Flynn. Ribosome Structure. Ribosomes Structure. Ribosomes are composed of proteins and RNA in two subunits (One large and one small) There are many of these organelles in the cell. Endoplasmic Reticulum.

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Cells

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  1. Cells By: Marcos Soriano Kristin Beringson Jen Gallagher Maureen Flynn

  2. Ribosome Structure RibosomesStructure • Ribosomes are composed of proteins and RNA in two subunits (One large and one small) • There are many of these organelles in the cell.

  3. Endoplasmic Reticulum RibosomesLocation • Bound ribosomes occur attached to the endoplasmic reticulum • Ribosomes also occur in the cytoplasm alone or in groups. • These groups are called polyribosomes

  4. Transfer of Amino Acids to Proteins RibosomesFunction • Ribosomes perform protein synthesis, which is the assembly of amino acids in proteins

  5. Wire frame of a Ribosome RibosomesFunction (Cont.) • Ribosomes in the cytoplasm synthesize proteins to be used in the cell by organalles like mitochondria and chloroplasts • Ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins that are eventually secreted by the cell

  6. Process RibosomesHow They Work • Once the two large and small subunits are joined by the RNA from the nucleus, the ribosomes translate the RNA into a specific sequence of amino acids, called polypeptide chains.

  7. RibosomesImportance • Our cells and bodies need protein to survive without ribosomes, we wouldn’t get any protein • Without the ribosomes amino acids wouldn’t be synthesized into proteins which plays a vital role in our body. Proteins make up our hair, nails and connective tissues.

  8. MitochondrionStructure • Size of a bacteria • Has a double membrane • The outer membrane is fairly smooth • Inner membrane is twisted

  9. Mitochondrion Plant Cell MitochondrionLocation • Mitochondrion can be found in the cell, outside the nucleus, in the cytoplasm • There could be more than one mitochondrion in a cell, as shown below:

  10. MitochondrionFunction • Performs cellular respiration: They convert chemical energy of glucose into chemical energy of ATP(Adenosine Triphosphate: primary source of energy) • The process burns up oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide and water.

  11. Old and warn out Mitochondrion MitochondrionImportance • Without mitochondrion ATP production would cease and the cells would not be able to function.

  12. LysosomesStructure • Membranous vesicle containing digestive enzymes

  13. LysosomesLocation • Lysosomes can be found in the cell, in the cytoplasm • There could be more than one lysosome in a cell, as shown below: Lysosomes Plant Cell

  14. Function LysosomesFunction • Digests macromolecules, old cell parts and microorganisms • This takes place when a food vacuole combines with a lysosome to form a digestive vacuole • Lysosomes also help cells renew themselves. The human liver recycles itself each week from lysosomes

  15. Process of a cell dying LysosomesImportance • If lysosomes start to break apart they will leak and a large amount of leakage can destroy cells

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