Making the Public the WTO’s Trade Partner

1. A more honest dialogue about the WTO Getting People to Listen Hearing their concerns Making the Public the WTO’s Trade Partner c) S.Aaronson, Kenan Institute, Not to be Used or Attributed Without Permission-saaronson@kenan.org

2. Some thoughts about our dysfunctional dialogue about trade and trade agreements Not a problem of procedural transparency, but a problem of transparency of purpose. c) S.Aaronson, Kenan Institute, Not to be Used or Attributed Without Permission-saaronson@kenan.org

3. What I’ve learned running in my WTO tee shirt • Wherever I run in my WTO tee shirt, it stimulates a discussion about many topics: • child labor • A world run by multinational corporations. • Trade with nations that don’t protect human rights or the environment. • The WTO is an undemocratic opaque global bureaucracy c) S.Aaronson, Kenan Institute, Not to be Used or Attributed Without Permission-saaronson@kenan.org

4. Why is the WTO so misunderstood? • WTO and GATT designed to be removed from national politics. • Yet dependent on national policymakers to explain what WTO is and what it does. • National policymakers make economic (efficiency) arguments for trade, say little about equity and governance. • Institutions can not long endure without public support c) S.Aaronson, Kenan Institute, Not to be Used or Attributed Without Permission-saaronson@kenan.org

5. The most misunderstood international institution • bulk of public is apathetic. • concerned interest groups perceive WTO as undemocratic, unfair, and opaque. • WTO now does a relatively good job of outreach to NGO’s • Lousy job of outreach to citizens around the world. c) S.Aaronson, Kenan Institute, Not to be Used or Attributed Without Permission-saaronson@kenan.org

6. National Policymakers bear responsibility Supply side of policy(1) • Have not adequately communicated what trade agreements do • Have not communicated difference between benefits of trade and costs/benefits of trade agreements c) S.Aaronson, Kenan Institute, Not to be Used or Attributed Without Permission-saaronson@kenan.org

7. Policymakers bear responsibility (2) • Secrecy of negotiators during trade talks increases public concern. • Yet policymakers must negotiate behind closed doors. c) S.Aaronson, Kenan Institute, Not to be Used or Attributed Without Permission-saaronson@kenan.org

8. Policymakers Bear Responsibility US as a case study (3) • Trade agreements are America’s main tool to govern globalization, which is frightening to many Americans. • To address fears, policymakers must promote a different discussion about trade agreements c) S.Aaronson, Kenan Institute, Not to be Used or Attributed Without Permission-saaronson@kenan.org

9. Policymakers Bear Responsibility US as a case study (4) • Trade policies and agreements increasingly affect the achievement of other important policy goals, from protecting public health to ensuring stable foreign relations with nations such as Pakistan. c) S.Aaronson, Kenan Institute, Not to be Used or Attributed Without Permission-saaronson@kenan.org

10. Policymakers Bear Responsibility US as a case study (5) • Ironically, at the same time, US uses trade policy to achieve too many policy goals: e.g. • ensuring cheap drugs for elderly • to sustain sugar farmers and steel producers, • and to punish rogue nations. This foments confusion about trade and undermines support for trade agreements. c) S.Aaronson, Kenan Institute, Not to be Used or Attributed Without Permission-saaronson@kenan.org

11. Why does US use trade policy to do too much? • Off budget • Can use leverage of huge US market to prod changes in trading partners. c) S.Aaronson, Kenan Institute, Not to be Used or Attributed Without Permission-saaronson@kenan.org

12. Problem: How to talk about the WTO so people will listen • Difficult to get public to focus on trade policy when people can barely juggle work and family life. • Most schools don’t teach economics or civics c) S.Aaronson, Kenan Institute, Not to be Used or Attributed Without Permission-saaronson@kenan.org

13. Getting people to listen • Be honest about how trade relates to peoples daily lives. Discuss- • How citizens benefit/lose from trade? • What trade agreements do? c) S.Aaronson, Kenan Institute, Not to be Used or Attributed Without Permission-saaronson@kenan.org

14. How does trade affect people in their daily lives • Every hour of every day, people see, smell taste, touch, and hear traded goods and services. • Trade in these goods goods and services affect individuals differently as consumers, producers, taxpayers, friends of the earth and citizens. c) S.Aaronson, Kenan Institute, Not to be Used or Attributed Without Permission-saaronson@kenan.org

15. Knowledge is power (to use a cliché) • One can simultaneously be a winner or loser from trade as a consumer, producer, taxpayer, etc.. • Nonetheless, by understanding how trade affects them, people are empowered. c) S.Aaronson, Kenan Institute, Not to be Used or Attributed Without Permission-saaronson@kenan.org

16. Be honest about what trade agreements such as the WTO do • Trade agreements regulate how trading entities may trade and how and when nations may protect. • They are one of many tools policymakers use to regulate global markets. • Citizens need regulations because global markets, like domestic markets, fail. c) S.Aaronson, Kenan Institute, Not to be Used or Attributed Without Permission-saaronson@kenan.org

17. Be honest about costs and benefits of trade agreements • Like domestic regulations, trade agreements are often imperfect and incomplete and come with costs to producers/consumers. • Trade negotiations are an opportunity to discuss trade and tinker with trade agreements. c) S.Aaronson, Kenan Institute, Not to be Used or Attributed Without Permission-saaronson@kenan.org

18. Language is inexact • WTO proponents talk about “freeing trade” but there is no such thing as free trade. No government allows free trade. Trade agreements regulate markets to create freer trade. c) S.Aaronson, Kenan Institute, Not to be Used or Attributed Without Permission-saaronson@kenan.org

19. Trade agreement critics are also • inexact…but deserve fuller responses…do trade agreements undermine human rights, the environment, national morees? c) S.Aaronson, Kenan Institute, Not to be Used or Attributed Without Permission-saaronson@kenan.org

20. Gap between rhetoric and reality undermines WTO • But people have a right to know. • At the same time, citizens should do more to understand trade agreements and to influence national and international trade policymakers. • Policy in the global village should be a two way street. c) S.Aaronson, Kenan Institute, Not to be Used or Attributed Without Permission-saaronson@kenan.org

21. Conclusion • WTO is only 57 years old…Policymakers are still learning how to make it work effectively, efficiently, equitably… • To succeed over time, WTO must learn to work with citizens as well as concerned NGOs, business leaders, and national policymakers. c) S.Aaronson, Kenan Institute, Not to be Used or Attributed Without Permission-saaronson@kenan.org

22. Trade and Human Rights Partnership Project • Helping policymakers and the public gain a better understanding of how human rights and trade policies intersect. c) S.Aaronson, Kenan Institute, Not to be Used or Attributed Without Permission-saaronson@kenan.org