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The Ultimate Guide of Air Conditioner Repairs An air conditioner absorbs hot air from a specific space, processes it within itself using a refrigerant and a series of coils, and then distributes cold air into the same place where the hot air was gathered. All air conditioners operate in the same way. When you turn on an air conditioner and select your desired temperature (say, 20 degrees Celsius), the room temperature sensor detects a difference between the room's air temperature and the temperature you've set. Warm air is brought in through a grille on the indoor unit, and it passes across pipes, also known as coils, through which the refrigerant is circulated.
The compressor then receives this heated refrigerant gas (inside the outdoor unit). The compressor compresses the gas, which causes it to become hot, as compressing a gas increases its temperature. This heated, high-pressure gas then goes to the third component, the condenser, where it is condensed into a liquid. The refrigerant reaches the condenser as hot gas but quickly becomes a cooler liquid because the heat of the ‘hot gas’ is dissipated to the surroundings through metal fins. As the refrigerant exits the condenser, it loses its heat and transforms into a colder liquid. This passes through an expansion valve, which is a tiny hole in the copper tub of the system. The entire procedure is repeated until the desired temperature has been reached. In a nutshell, an air conditioner draws in warm air and returns it to the room until there is no more warm air to cool.
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Some of the main components inside an AC Indoor Unit apart from the PCB are:- 1) Blower Unit:- It is a blower fan that rotates in such a way that from one end it takes the hot air inside and from the other end it sends out the cooled air. In this unit other than a blower there is a motor as well which is required to run this blower fan. It is a hollow cylindrical pipe sort of thing whose function is to send cool air outside. 2) Cooling coils:- Above the Blower Unit, there is the main component that is responsible for cooling the air before it is sent out. In this unit what happens is that there are narrow pipes present from which the cooled gas coming from the Compressor continuously passes as the hot air comes near these pipes its heat and humidity are absorbed by this coil and the air is cooled which is sent outside by the blower fan. Above the coils, radiators are also present for easier transmission of heat.
When we come to the circuitry of the Indoor unit of the Air Conditioners the main components that are observed on that are:- 1)Wiring: There are three wires coming to the inside of the Indoor unit these are for Live, Neutral, and Earth. The power to both the Indoor as well as Outdoor Units is provided through these wires as there is no direct power supply to the outdoor unit. 2)Fan Capacitor: Now as we are inside the Indoor unit there is a fan that blows in and out hot and cool air respectively from the Indoor Unit and to drive that fan's motor this Fan Capacitor is required. Round cylinder-shaped dual run capacitors are commonly used here, to help in the starting of the compressor and the condenser fan motor whose capacitance value is somewhere around 2 uF.
These are the components that act as the brain of the Air Conditioner these are the decision-making unit or we can also say the controlling unit which controls the running of motors and the power transfer etc. Apart from that, these are the components that are responsible for switching the compressor ON and OFF according to the temperature readings.
There are two sensors present inside the Indoor unit of AC these two sensors are for sensing the temperature of the room and for sensing the temperature of the coil. According to the temperature sensed by these two sensors and the temperature which is set by the user the microcontroller makes the decision that whether the Compressor needs to be turned ON or OFF. 5) Power Supply Unit: From the Wiring that we mentioned earlier enters a voltage of 220V AC but the Microcontroller operates on DC Voltage that too having a lower magnitude that's why we need to provide this unit which takes the Input AC Voltage of high magnitude and converts into a DC Voltage of lower magnitude and supplies it to the Microcontroller. 6) Relay: Apart from all these components, there is a Power Relay that connects the Indoor Unit to the Outdoor Unit and acts as a switch in between these two which decides whether the Compressor on the Outdoor unit will be turned ON or OFF.
These were the main components on the PCB of AC Indoor Unit apart from these some more important components are Explosion proof Varistor, The Display, and IR Reciever Assembly which shows the temperature set by the user and also receives the commands sent by the IR remote. There is a servo motor as well which is there to move the blade of the AC to control the direction of airflow.
