Muscles, movement and the skeleton

1. Muscles, movement and the skeleton

2. Start The Skeletal system is A-Maze-ing To carry on with the PP click the red button

3. Begin End

4. YOU WIN 

5. YOU LOSE 

6. LEARNING OUTCOMES Muscles, movement and the skeleton Bones • Bone is made from a protein called collagen and crystals of calcium phosphate • The two types of bone are compact bone and spongy bone you must be able to describe and explain these. • Describe the structures that make up: the vertebral column, the skull and the limbs. • State and describe the functions of the skeleton. • Define a joint and outline with examples the two types of joints i.e. movable and immovable • Describe the structure of the two types of movable (synovial) joints i.e. hinge and ball and socket to include: cartilage, ligaments, synovial fluid and tendons. • Give an example of a hinge joint (elbow) and a ball and socket joint (hip).

7. Bones

8. Bone is made from a protein called collagen (soft) and crystals of calcium phosphate (hard)

10. And the two types of bone are…

11. Compact bone

12. Spongy bone

13. The vertebral column

14. The skull

15. The arms

16. Legs

17. And the functions of the skeleton are…

18. Support

19. Protection

20. Movement

21. Production of blood cells

22. Joints

23. Immovable • joints

24. Movable joints

25. Hinge

26. Ball and socket

27. Tendons

28. Ligaments

29. Cartilage

30. Synovial membrane and fluid

31. Muscles

32. Muscles • Describe the structure and function of muscles. • Differentiate between the two types of muscles i.e. smooth and skeletal muscles. • Give examples of smooth and skeletal muscles. • Describe and explain muscle contraction and explain why muscles need to work in antagonistic pairs. • Give an example of an antagonistic pair of muscles. • Describe and explain the long term benefits of exercise to include: • Decrease in resting heart rate • Increase in muscle size and strength • Increase in muscle enzymes increasing the efficiency • Strengthening of the ligaments and tendons • Increased flexibility in joints • Increased protection from heart attack

33. The structure of muscles

34. Function of muscles. Muscles contract to perform various functions in the body from moving the skeleton and pushing food through the digestive system to pumping blood around the body.

35. Where You Can Find Smooth Muscles Walls of blood vessels Walls of stomach Ureters Intestines Iris of the eye Gastrointestinal Tract Respiratory Tract Small arteries Arterioles Reproductive tracts (both genders) Veins Glomeruli of the Kidneys Bladder Uterus Arrectorpili hair muscles of the skin Sphincter Trachea Bile duct • Smooth muscles Smooth muscles contract and relax involuntarily as your body undergoes natural processes like digestions and homeostasis.

36. Smooth muscles

37. Skeletal muscles e.g. biceps triceps

38. Cardiac muscles never get tired because they contain a high number of energy generating organelles called mitochondria.

39. The mitochondria require glucose to activate them into producing energy for the cell.

40. Antagonistic pairs of muscles enable the skeleton to return to its original position after a muscle contracts.

41. How do muscles contract? Muscle cells can move closer to one another and then they must be pulled apart again.

42. What are the long term benefits of exercise?

43. Decrease in resting heart rate

44. Increase in muscle size and strength

45. Increase in muscle enzymes increasing the efficiency

46. Strengthening of the ligaments and tendons

47. Increased flexibility in joints

48. Increased protection from heart attack

49. Extra information • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C6u0u_59UDc – simple and basic information on the muscular system. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqy0i1KXUO4 – Cash course muscles. This is difficult but amazing if you persevere. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RW46rQKWa-g – Crash course skeletal system. Again complicated but awesome. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8d-RBe8JBVs – A simple video on the skeletal system.

50. Bones • Bone is made from a protein called collagen and crystals of calcium phosphate • The two types of bone are compact bone and spongy bone you must be able to describe and explain these. • Describe the structures that make up: the vertebral column, the skull and the limbs. • State and describe the functions of the skeleton. • Define a joint and outline with examples the two types of joints i.e. movable and immovable • Describe the structure of the two types of movable (synovial) joints i.e. hinge and ball and socket to include: cartilage, ligaments, synovial fluid and tendons. • Give an example of a hinge joint (elbow) and a ball and socket joint (hip). • Bones • Bone is made from a protein called collagen and crystals of calcium phosphate • The two types of bone are compact bone and spongy bone you must be able to describe and explain these. • Describe the structures that make up: the vertebral column, the skull and the limbs. • State and describe the functions of the skeleton. • Define a joint and outline with examples the two types of joints i.e. movable and immovable • Describe the structure of the two types of movable (synovial) joints i.e. hinge and ball and socket to include: cartilage, ligaments, synovial fluid and tendons. • Give an example of a hinge joint (elbow) and a ball and socket joint (hip). • Bones • Bone is made from a protein called collagen and crystals of calcium phosphate • The two types of bone are compact bone and spongy bone you must be able to describe and explain these. • Describe the structures that make up: the vertebral column, the skull and the limbs. • State and describe the functions of the skeleton. • Define a joint and outline with examples the two types of joints i.e. movable and immovable • Describe the structure of the two types of movable (synovial) joints i.e. hinge and ball and socket to include: cartilage, ligaments, synovial fluid and tendons. • Give an example of a hinge joint (elbow) and a ball and socket joint (hip). • Bones • Bone is made from a protein called collagen and crystals of calcium phosphate • The two types of bone are compact bone and spongy bone you must be able to describe and explain these. • Describe the structures that make up: the vertebral column, the skull and the limbs. • State and describe the functions of the skeleton. • Define a joint and outline with examples the two types of joints i.e. movable and immovable • Describe the structure of the two types of movable (synovial) joints i.e. hinge and ball and socket to include: cartilage, ligaments, synovial fluid and tendons. • Give an example of a hinge joint (elbow) and a ball and socket joint (hip).