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Drill – 10/30

Drill – 10/30. 1. What is an orbital? Is an electron always within it? 2. What is the electron configuration for carbon (C)? 3. What is the electron configuration for gallium (Ga)?. Drill – 11/4.

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Drill – 10/30

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  1. Drill – 10/30 1. What is an orbital? Is an electron always within it? 2. What is the electron configuration for carbon (C)? 3. What is the electron configuration for gallium (Ga)?

  2. Drill – 11/4 • Write the electron configuration for Helium and identify the components of an electron configuration.

  3. Drill – 11/8 Write the electron configurations for: • Tin (Sn) • Mercury (Hg)

  4. Electron arrangement can be written in one of 3 ways: • (1) Electron configuration • (2) Orbital diagram • (3) Noble-gas notation

  5. Orbital Notation • Arrows indicate electrons. • Boxes, circles or lines represent each orbital

  6. 3 Rules for Electron Arrangement • Aufbau Principle • Electrons always start filling at the lowest energy level. • Within each energy level, the s sublevel fills first, then p, then d, then f.

  7. 3 Rules for Electron Arrangement Pauli Exclusion Principle • A maximum of 2 electrons can be in one orbital. They must have opposite spins.

  8. 3 Rules for Electron Arrangement Hund’s Rule • Electrons fill each orbital in a sublevel before they start pairing up. p orbitals

  9. Orbital Diagram 1s 2s 2px 2py 2pz Oxygen 8 electrons 1s22s22p4

  10. Exceptions to the Aufbau Principle Write the configurations for: • Chromium (Cr) • Copper (Cu)

  11. Actual Configurations for Cr and Cu • Cr: 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5 • Cu: 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10 WHY??

  12. Draw the correct orbital diagrams for each Cr and Cu.

  13. WHY?? • Having a half-filled or completely-filled d subshell gives the element a special stability • d4 & d9 column will have exceptions every time!!

  14. Noble Gas Notation • Shorthand e- configuration • e- configurations of noble gases can be written using bracketed symbols ex: Ne 1s22s22p6 = [Ne] • Write the bracketed symbol for the noble gas that precedes the element (period above it) and then continue filling orbitals with remaining electrons.

  15. Nobel gas notation Element # of e- e- configuration Ne 10 1s22s22p6 [He]2s22p6 P 15 1s22s22p63s23p3 [Ne]3s23p3 [Ne]3s23p6 Ar 18 1s22s22p63s23p6 Ca 20 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 [Ar]4s2 [Ar]4s23d104p5 Br 35 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p5

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