Multiple-Use Water Services

1. Multiple-Use Water Services Mary Renwick, Winrock International GRUBS Planning Workshop Nairobi, Kenya November, 2008

2. Multiple-Use Services: Background Small-scale Enterprises Home Gardens Livestock Photo Credit: IRC Photo credit: Ronald Rospigliosi Photo credit: Charles Batchelor Domestic uses of Irrigation Systems Photo credit: Menno Houtstra Photo credit: Kande Matungulu Photo Credit: Ronald Loeve

3. Key Findings Multiple-use services can cost-effectively maximize poverty impacts of investments in water services while enhancing sustainability Potential clients: over 1 billion people Where: rural South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa How: Upgrading service levels within existing domestic and irrigation systems New domestic multiple-use services

4. Research Goal, Questions, and Methods Methods Study Goal: to help inform prospective investments in the water sector by assessing the potential of multiple-use water services to sustainably meet the water needs of the poor. Develop a framework for multiple use services—defining service levels Assess incremental costs, benefits and poverty impacts Question 1: What are the incremental costs and benefits of multiple-use approaches over single-use approaches? Evaluate the potential market for multiple use water services Question 2: Where do multiple-use approaches apply and who are the main beneficiaries? Identify potential opportunity areas 4

5. Water Service Levels Defined Incremental improvements in water service to support domestic and productive uses Highest-level multiple use services most domestic and productive needs Level 4 Intermediate-level multiple use services many domestic and productive needs Level 3 Basic-level multiple use services limited domestic and productive needs Level 2 cc Basic domestic / basic irrigation single use – either domestic and irrigation Level 1 No services Level 0

6. 6 Water Service Levels Required to Support Multiple Uses Increasing water quantity to support productive uses Improving water quality to support domestic uses Making water availability more reliable to support non-irrigation uses Reducing distance between water source and homestead to support productive uses Reducing distance to homestead, improving physical access to canals

7. Basic level MUS Income Benefits by Service Level: Domestic Average additional per capita annual income benefits—gardens, livestock, small-scale enterprises The largest incremental gains in income are achieved at the intermediate service level. Highest level MUS $10 Intermediate level MUS $36 $25 For a family of 5, an additional $125-$350/year Basic Domestic No services

8. Health Food security and nutrition Diversifying livelihoods and reduced vulnerability Social equity and empowerment Poverty Impacts: Non Financial Benefits Photo credit: Umgeni Water

9. Costs and Benefits: New Domestic Services Basic level MUS Cost BCR Highest level MUS • Per capita investment costs include software and hardware • Benefit-cost ratios include: • Full Investment costs • Re-current annual costs (O&M, source protection and capital maintenance fund) Intermediate level MUS Cost BCR Cost BCR Basic Domestic Cost BCR No services

10. Costs and Benefits: Upgrading Services Basic level MUS Highest level MUS Intermediate level MUS Basic Domestic No services

11. Where: Mapping the potential market for multiple use services Potential Market Disaggregate Populations By Technology/Water Source For Water Service Levels Enabling Conditions nEstimate Populations By Water Service Levels nMap Socio-Economic Characteristics Using Available Data Assess Potential Client Base Size, Location & Characteristics Assess Economic Feasibility of Multiple Use Services Incremental Costs & Benefits By Service Level & Technology Opportunity action areas

12. Example: Mapping Market for New Piped Domestic Multiple Use Services Sources: JMP, 2004. CIESIN, 2004.

13. Example: Mapping Market for Upgrading Irrigation Systems to Support Multiple Use Services Sources: IWMI, GIAM, 2006. CIESIN, 2004.

15. Summary and Implications for H2.0 Initiative • Multiple-use water services cost more but generate greater income and poverty impacts …enhanced sustainability • Income generation … new opportunities for financing water services • Large potential market (>1 billion) • Significant opportunities for leveraging—interest among practitioners, policymakers, donors … • knowledge gaps exist

16. H2.0 Initiative: Objectives and Outputs • Goal: integrate MUS into the h2.0 Initiative to support the design of an improved monitoring approach for the water sector that is responsive to poor communities’ multiple water needs and geared towards results-based reporting on sector performance. • Objective 1: Develop an analytical framework • Outputs: Analytical framework to guide phase I activities; identification of survey tools and project partners for technical assistance. • Objective 2: Provide direct technical assistance to selected project partners • Outputs: Project implementing partners are able to use improved metrics to track and analyze MUS and represent communities’ multiple water needs in an accessible, geo-referenced database • Objective 3: Lead a MUS knowledge management and dissemination strategy • Outputs: Stakeholders are better informed on MUS and able to integrate a MUS perspective into Phase II roll-out activities; h2.0 activities related to MUS are better linked to existing MUS-related activities, galvanizing a broader network of stakeholders to catalyze growth in the knowledge base overtime.

17. Thank you • Your thoughts? • For more information: • Mary Renwick • mrenwick@winrock.org • Full report: • www.winrockwater.org