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Coping In Sport

Coping In Sport. Ailsa Anderson 3 November 2005. *. Individual differences e.g., Trait anxiety e.g., coping style. Response Arousal ? Behaviour Emotions (incl Anxiety). Cognitive Appraisal Primary Appraisal: Is this important Secondary appraisal: Can I cope. Situation

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Coping In Sport

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  1. Coping In Sport Ailsa Anderson 3 November 2005

  2. * Individual differences e.g., Trait anxiety e.g., coping style • Response • Arousal ? • Behaviour • Emotions (incl Anxiety) Cognitive Appraisal Primary Appraisal: Is this important Secondary appraisal: Can I cope • Situation • (e.g., World cup qualifier) • Demands Coping The Stress Process (from Lazarus & Folkman, 1984)

  3. * Completing the WOCS • What do your results tell you about you? • Could you change the stressful situation? • How did this influence your coping behaviour? • What are strengths & weaknesses of the WOCS

  4. * Do we have a coping style? • An alternative approach to viewing coping • ‘a preferred set of coping strategies that remain relatively fixed across time and circumstances’ (Carver, et al., 1989; p. 270) • Viewed as a ‘disposition’ and links with personality traits

  5. * A coping style dichotomy • Avoidance • Consists of turning away from the stressor physically or psychologically • E.G., Ignoring/ discounting/ distancing (Roth & Cohen, 1986) • Approach • Initiate direct action or increase one’s efforts to resolve the problem • E.G., Arguing/ seeking information

  6. * Problem Focused Coping • Involves efforts to alter or manage the problem that is causing the stress for the individual involved • If you can do something about the stressor then do it!

  7. * Emotion-Focused Coping • Involves regulating the emotional responses that result from the problem that causes the stress for the individual without changing the realities of the situation • If can’t do anything about the stressor then seek to reduce the symptoms

  8. * N.B., • Others have distinguished between emotion focused and appraisal-focused coping (Cox & Ferguson, 1991) • Evident in Poczwardowski & Conroy (2002) paper

  9. * How do athletes cope with stress? • E.G., Poczwardowski & Conroy (2002) – qualitative study with elite athletes and performing artists • Identified 4 categories of coping

  10. * 3. Appraisal-focused coping • Looking into the future • Moving on • Keep things in perspective • Know how to handle criticism and failure

  11. * Application • Control the controllables! • If you can do something about it then ACT • If you can’t do anything about it then don’t bang your head against a brick wall – just REACT appropriately • ACTION or REACTION?

  12. * Summary • Importance of coping • How coping fits with Lazarus and Folkman (1984) • Types of coping • Coping strategies used by athletes • Role of SP

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