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IPv6 Addressing: Learn It Or “I was hoping to retire before I had to learn IPv6.” Rick Graziani

IPv6 Addressing: Learn It Or “I was hoping to retire before I had to learn IPv6.” Rick Graziani CS/CIS Instructor Cabrillo College. Topics (1/3): IPv6 Address Notation, Structure and Subnetting. 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/64

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IPv6 Addressing: Learn It Or “I was hoping to retire before I had to learn IPv6.” Rick Graziani

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  1. IPv6 Addressing: Learn It Or “I was hoping to retire before I had to learn IPv6.” Rick Graziani CS/CIS Instructor Cabrillo College

  2. Topics (1/3): IPv6 Address Notation, Structure and Subnetting 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/64 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits

  3. Topics (2/3): IPv6 Address Types IPv6 Addressing Unicast Multicast Anycast Assigned Solicited Node FF00::/8 FF02::1:FF00:0000/104 Embedded IPv4 Unspecified Unique Local Global Unicast Link-Local Loopback FC00::/7 FDFF::/7 2000::/3 3FFF::/3 ::1/128 ::/128 ::/80 FE80::/10 FEBF::/10 Note: There are no broadcast addresses in IPv6

  4. Topics (3/3): Global Unicast Address Configurations Global Unicast Manual Dynamic IPv6 Unnumbered Stateless Autoconfiguration IPv6 Address DHCPv6 Static EUI-64

  5. IPv6 Address Notation, Structure and Subnetting

  6. IPv6 Address Notation • IPv6 addresses are 128-bit addresses represented in: One Hex digit = 4 bits 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/64

  7. IPv6 Address Notation • IPv6 addresses are 128-bit addresses represented in: • Eight 16-bit segments or “hextets” (not a formal term) One Hex digit = 4 bits 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/64 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits

  8. IPv6 Address Notation • IPv6 addresses are 128-bit addresses represented in: • Eight 16-bit segments or “hextets” (not a formal term) • Hexadecimal (non-case sensitive) between 0000 and FFFF • Separated by colons One Hex digit = 4 bits 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/64 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits

  9. 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/64 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100 • How many addresses does 128 bits give us? 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits

  10. 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/64 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100 • How many addresses does 128 bits give us? • 340 undecillionaddesses or … 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits

  11. 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/64 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100 • How many addresses does 128 bits give us? • 340 undecillionaddesses or … • 340 trillion trillion trillion addresses or … 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits

  12. 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/64 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100 • How many addresses does 128 bits give us? • 340 undecillionaddesses or … • 340 trillion trillion trillion addresses or … • “IPv6 could provide each and every square micrometer of the earth’s surface with 5,000 unique addresses. Micrometer = 0.001 mm or 0.000039 inches” or…. 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits

  13. 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/64 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100 • How many addresses does 128 bits give us? • 340 undecillionaddesses or … • 340 trillion trillion trillion addresses or … • “IPv6 could provide each and every square micrometer of the earth’s surface with 5,000 unique addresses. Micrometer = 0.001 mm or 0.000039 inches” or…. • “A string of soccer balls would wrap around our universe 200 billion times!” … in other words … 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits

  14. 2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/64 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100 • How many addresses does 128 bits give us? • 340 undecillionaddesses or … • 340 trillion trillion trillion addresses or … • “IPv6 could provide each and every square micrometer of the earth’s surface with 5,000 unique addresses. Micrometer = 0.001 mm or 0.000039 inches” or…. • “A string of soccer balls would wrap around our universe 200 billion times!” … in other words … • I won’t be the one presenting IPv7 at any Cisco Academy Conference. 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits

  15. Rule 1: Leading 0’s • Two rules for reducing the size of written IPv6 addresses.

  16. Rule 1: Leading 0’s • Two rules for reducing the size of written IPv6 addresses. • The first rule is:Leading zeroes in any 16-bit segment do not have to be written. 3ffe : 0404 : 0001 : 1000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0ef0 : bc00 3ffe : 0000 : 010d : 000a : 00dd : c000 : e000 : 0001 ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0500

  17. Rule 1: Leading 0’s • Two rules for reducing the size of written IPv6 addresses. • The first rule is:Leading zeroes in any 16-bit segment do not have to be written. 3ffe : 0404 : 0001 : 1000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0ef0 : bc00 3ffe : 404 : 1 : 1000 : 0 : 0 : ef0 : bc00 3ffe : 0000 : 010d : 000a : 00dd : c000 : e000 : 0001 ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0500

  18. Rule 1: Leading 0’s • Two rules for reducing the size of written IPv6 addresses. • The first rule is:Leading zeroes in any 16-bit segment do not have to be written. 3ffe : 0404 : 0001 : 1000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0ef0 : bc00 3ffe : 404 : 1 : 1000 : 0 : 0 : ef0 : bc00 3ffe : 0000 : 010d : 000a : 00dd : c000 : e000 : 0001 3ffe : 0 : 10d : a : dd : c000 : e000 : 1 ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0500

  19. Rule 1: Leading 0’s • Two rules for reducing the size of written IPv6 addresses. • The first rule is:Leading zeroes in any 16-bit segment do not have to be written. 3ffe : 0404 : 0001 : 1000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0ef0 : bc00 3ffe : 404 : 1 : 1000 : 0 : 0 : ef0 : bc00 3ffe : 0000 : 010d : 000a : 00dd : c000 : e000 : 0001 3ffe : 0 : 10d : a : dd : c000 : e000 : 1 ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0500 ff02 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 500

  20. Rule 2: Double colon :: equals 0000…0000 • The second rule can reduce this address even further:

  21. Rule 2: Double colon :: equals 0000…0000 • The second rule can reduce this address even further: • Any single, contiguous string of one or more 16-bit segments consisting of all zeroes can be represented with a double colon. ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0500

  22. Rule 2: Double colon :: equals 0000…0000 • The second rule can reduce this address even further: • Any single, contiguous string of one or more 16-bit segments consisting of all zeroes can be represented with a double colon. ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0500 ff02 : : 500 Second Rule First Rule

  23. Rule 2: Double colon :: equals 0000…0000 • The second rule can reduce this address even further: • Any single, contiguous string of one or more 16-bit segments consisting of all zeroes can be represented with a double colon. ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0500 ff02 : : 500 ff02::500 Second Rule First Rule

  24. Rule 2: Double colon :: equals 0000…0000 • Only a single contiguous string of all-zero segments can be represented with a double colon. 2001 : 0d02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0014 : 0000 : 0000 : 0095

  25. Rule 2: Double colon :: equals 0000…0000 • Only a single contiguous string of all-zero segments can be represented with a double colon. • Both of these are correct… 2001 : 0d02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0014 : 0000 : 0000 : 0095 2001 : d02 :: 14 : 0 : 0 : 95 OR 2001 : d02 : 0 : 0 : 14 :: 95

  26. Rule 2: Double colon :: equals 0000…0000 • Using the double colon more than once in an IPv6 address can create ambiguity because of the ambiguity in the number of 0’s. 2001:d02::14::95

  27. Rule 2: Double colon :: equals 0000…0000 • Using the double colon more than once in an IPv6 address can create ambiguity because of the ambiguity in the number of 0’s. 2001:d02::14::95 2001:0d02:0000:0000:0014:0000:0000:0095 2001:0d02:0000:0000:0000:0014:0000:0095 2001:0d02:0000:0014:0000:0000:0000:0095

  28. Network Prefixes • IPv4, the prefix—the network portion of the address—can be identified by a dotted decimal netmask or bitcount. 255.255.255.0 or /24

  29. Network Prefixes • IPv4, the prefix—the network portion of the address—can be identified by a dotted decimal netmask or bitcount. 255.255.255.0 or /24 • IPv6 prefixes are always identified by bitcount (prefix length).

  30. Network Prefixes • IPv4, the prefix—the network portion of the address—can be identified by a dotted decimal netmask or bitcount. 255.255.255.0 or /24 • IPv6 prefixes are always identified by bitcount (prefix length). • Prefix length notation: 3ffe:1944:100:a::/64

  31. Network Prefixes • IPv4, the prefix—the network portion of the address—can be identified by a dotted decimal netmask or bitcount. 255.255.255.0 or /24 • IPv6 prefixes are always identified by bitcount (prefix length). • Prefix length notation: 3ffe:1944:100:a::/64 16 32 48 64 bits

  32. IPv6 Address Types

  33. IPv6 Address Types: Starting with Global Unicast IPv6 Addressing Unicast Multicast Anycast Assigned Solicited Node FF00::/8 FF02::1:FF00:0000/104 Embedded IPv4 Unspecified Unique Local Global Unicast Link-Local Loopback FC00::/7 FDFF::/7 2000::/3 3FFF::/3 ::1/128 ::/128 ::/80 FE80::/10 FEBF::/10 Note: There are no broadcast addresses in IPv6

  34. Structure of a Global Unicast Address m bits n bits 128-n-m bits Global Routing Prefix Subnet ID Interface ID • Globalunicast addresses are similar to IPv4 addresses.

  35. Structure of a Global Unicast Address m bits n bits 128-n-m bits Global Routing Prefix Subnet ID Interface ID • Globalunicast addresses are similar to IPv4 addresses. • Routable • Unique

  36. Structure of a Global Unicast Address m bits n bits 128-n-m bits Global Routing Prefix Subnet ID Interface ID Range 2000::/3 to 3FFF::/3 (4th bit can be a 0 or a 1) 001 • Globalunicast addresses are similar to IPv4 addresses. • Routable • Unique

  37. Structure of a Global Unicast Address m bits n bits 128-n-m bits Global Routing Prefix Subnet ID Interface ID Range 2000::/3 to 3FFF::/3 (4th bit can be a 0 or a 1) 001 IANA’s allocation of IPv6 address space in 1/8th sections • Globalunicast addresses are similar to IPv4 addresses. • Routable • Unique

  38. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule IPv4 Unicast Address Network portion Subnet portion Host portion 32 bits

  39. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule IPv4 Unicast Address /? Network portion Subnet portion Host portion 32 bits

  40. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule IPv4 Unicast Address /? Network portion Subnet portion Host portion 32 bits IPv6 Global Unicast Address Interface ID Global Routing Prefix 128 bits

  41. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule IPv4 Unicast Address /? Network portion Subnet portion Host portion 32 bits IPv6 Global Unicast Address /64 Interface ID Global Routing Prefix 128 bits * 64-bit Interface ID gives us 18 quintillion (18,446,744,073,709,551,616) devices/subnet. * Supports 48bit and 64-bit MAC addresses as the Interface ID (coming).

  42. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule IPv4 Unicast Address /? Network portion Subnet portion Host portion 32 bits IPv6 Global Unicast Address /48 /64 Fixed 16-bit Subnet ID Interface ID Global Routing Prefix 128 bits * 64-bit Interface ID gives us 18 quintillion (18,446,744,073,709,551,616) devices/subnet. * 16-bit Subnet ID gives us 65,536 subnets. (Yes, you can use the all 0’s and all 1’s.) 

  43. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100

  44. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100

  45. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule /48 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits Global Routing Prefix 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100

  46. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule /48 /64 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits Subnet ID Global Routing Prefix 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100

  47. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule /48 /64 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits Subnet ID Global Routing Prefix Interface ID 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100

  48. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule /48 /64 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits Subnet ID Global Routing Prefix Interface ID 3 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100

  49. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule /48 /64 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits Subnet ID Global Routing Prefix Interface ID 3 1 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100

  50. Global Unicast Addresses and the 3-1-4 rule /48 /64 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits Subnet ID Global Routing Prefix Interface ID 3 1 4 2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100

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