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The history of English

The history of English. Ms. Jacobsen. 499 – 1485 AD. Britian : populated by Germanic tribes Jutes, Angles, Frisians, and Saxons Became known as the Anglo-Saxons Spoke Old English (aka Anglo-Saxon) Had dialects Invasions Romans: 400s and 600s

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The history of English

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  1. The history of English Ms. Jacobsen

  2. 499 – 1485 AD • Britian: populated by Germanic tribes • Jutes, Angles, Frisians, and Saxons • Became known as the Anglo-Saxons • Spoke Old English (aka Anglo-Saxon) • Had dialects • Invasions • Romans: 400s and 600s • Result: Christianity was brought to England but wasn’t accepted by all & language shift • Vikings (aka Norse): 800s • Result: introduction of borrowings and pronunciation

  3. King Alfred the great • 1st Danish king • Only one with the title “great” added to his name • Danelaw • Divided England into two parts • East and North: ruled by the Danes • South: ruled by the Saxons • Two kings ruled the country • Responsible for Old English manuscripts

  4. Norman conquest of 1066 • Caused by the death of the English king, Edward the Confessor • Throne was to go to Harold II • William the Duke of Normandy (from Norman, France) claimed the throne was promised to him by Edward • Edward was his relative • William, with his troops, travelled to England to take the throne by force • Battle of Hastings • Success! • Harold dies and William becomes king

  5. The effects of the norman conquest • The new king decreed: • Only Normans in court and part of the aristocracy • Only Normans controlled the government • Only Norman French was spoken in the courts and official documents • Supporters received titles and lands –stolen from the Anglo-Saxons • Knights even received land for their service: manors • Anglo-Saxons were the peasantry class and only speakers of Old English / Anglo-Saxon • The Black Plague • Most of the aristocracy died • Those left had to learn Old English to survive and communicate

  6. King Henry II • appointed his friend Henry Becket as archbishop of the church • Becket defied his friend and appealed to the Pope • Pope sided with Becket • Henry’s knights slaughtered Becket in the cathedral • On his orders? Misunderstanding? • Atoned for his, and his followers’ actions, by a pilgrimage to Becket’s shrine at Canterbury • Became a way to show religious devotion • Many did this –as seen in Canterbury Tales by Chaucer

  7. War of the roses • Conflict between two Houses: York and Lancaster • Lancaster: King Henry IV, V, and VI • York: King Richard II, III • 1455-1485 • Until Henry VII killed Richard III in battle • Tudors crowned him and married Richard’s niece • Unified the houses and ended the conflict

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