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Europe & Japan in Ruins

16.5. Europe & Japan in Ruins. In a Nutshell. World War II costs millions of human lives & billions of dollars in damages. It leaves Europe & Japan in ruins. Devastation in Europe. A Harvest of Destruction Many cities across Europe badly damaged by war (except for Paris, Rome & Brussels)

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Europe & Japan in Ruins

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  1. 16.5 Europe & Japan in Ruins

  2. In a Nutshell • World War II costs millions of human lives & billions of dollars in damages. It leaves Europe & Japan in ruins.

  3. Devastation in Europe • A Harvest of Destruction • Many cities across Europe badly damaged by war (except for Paris, Rome & Brussels) • Many people displaced by war & peace agreements • Misery Continues After the War • Lack of food, destruction of roads, factories lead to hardship • Many people suffer from hunger, disease after war • Soviet Union paid the greatest price in human lives lost

  4. Postwar Governments & Politics • Need for New Leaders • Many conquered countries went back to old governments (including Belgium, Holland, Denmark & Norway) • New leaders needed in Germany, Italy & France • Communist parties make gains in Italy, France by promising change • Communist interest fades as economies recovers • The Nuremberg Trials • Nuremberg Trials—trials of 22 Nazi leaders for war crimes • Some Nazi leaders are executed for their actions

  5. Postwar Japan • Serious Damage • In war, Japan loses 2 million people; severe damage to many cities • Occupied Japan • MacArthur takes charge of U.S. occupation of Japan • Starts process of demilitarization—disbanding Japan’s armed forces • Also launches democratization—creating democracy in Japan • Japanese people adopt new constitution in 1947 (MacAruthur oversaw) • MacArthur puts economic reforms in place

  6. Occupation Brings Deep Changes • Changes in Japanese Society • Emperor kept on, but loses power & becomes figurehead • Japanese people elect two-house legislature • Bill of rights guarantees freedoms; women also have the right to vote • Constitution says Japan cannot attack another country • In 1951, peace treaty with Japan signed; U.S. occupation ends • U.S. & Japan become allies

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