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HISTORY of GENETICS

HISTORY of GENETICS. Honors Genetics 2012 Lemon Bay High School Ms. Susan Chabot. THE BEGINNING…. 1860s: Gregor Mendel - an Austrian monk grew peas in the monastery gardens.

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HISTORY of GENETICS

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  1. HISTORY of GENETICS Honors Genetics 2012 Lemon Bay High School Ms. Susan Chabot

  2. THE BEGINNING… 1860s: Gregor Mendel - an Austrian monk grew peas in the monastery gardens. He noticed patterns among the generations of plants when they were cross-pollinated by hand and then allowed to fertilize naturally.

  3. GENETICS-what we know today Every type of cell from every kingdom contains DNA Sometimes the DNA is located in the NUCLEUS of the cell as in EUKARYOTES Sometimes the DNA is NOT located in the NUCLEUS of the cell as in PROKARYOTES

  4. Whether the organism is a EUKARYOTE or PROKARYOTE, the DNA instructs the cell to make proteins. The proteins are made into tissues , pigments, hormones, enzymes, and many other components the cells need for survival.

  5. Pedigree Charts family diagrams that help us track traits and make predictions about future generations.

  6. Mutations changes in the original instructions of a gene

  7. Mutagens • cause mutations • Pesticides • Air pollution • Chemicals • Smoking • Radiation • Sun • X-ray exposure • Fallout

  8. Genetic Engineering • Recombinant DNA: • Cutting the DNA from one organism and joining it with the DNA from another • Human gene for insulin into bacteria: bacteria multiply and make insulin for diabetics Insulin gene Bacteria DNA

  9. Genetic Engineering CLONING: • Dolly the sheep: insert the nucleus from the body cell of an adult sheep into the egg cell of another similar animal and allow to gestate.

  10. Genetic Engineering • Fertility: • inserting sperm nucleus into eggs to fertilize them for an infertile couple, then allow to gestate.

  11. Genetic Engineering • Foods • Insertion of pesticide genes into foods so that they will make proteins that will develop innate resistance to weeds and insects.

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