1 / 23

FINGERPRINTING A TOOL FOR IDENTIFICATION

DNA profiling, also known as DNA fingerprinting, is a method of forensic identification where a unique DNA pattern is generated to individualize a person, similar to fingerprinting. This technology has various applications in forensic investigations.

jasonford
Download Presentation

FINGERPRINTING A TOOL FOR IDENTIFICATION

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. FINGERPRINTING A TOOL FOR IDENTIFICATION

  2. DNA Profiling A method of Forensic identification DNA Fingerprintingor DR.I.HAQUE CFSL,MHA

  3. What is DNA Profiling? Using different state- of the- art techniques a definite DNA pattern is generated to individualise the person just like “ Fingerprinting”. This unique pattern of individual DNA is called DNA Profiling OR DNA Fingerprinting

  4. 1 DNA-DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID DNA

  5. Simple DNA Structure • The phosphate and sugar form the backbone of the DNA molecule, whereas the bases form the “rungs”. • There are four types of nitrogenous bases.

  6. A A A T T T T A C C C DNA-DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID G G G

  7. DNA DNA Gene Protein Trait

  8. DNA Fingerprint Basics • Different individuals carry different alleles. • Most alleles useful for DNA fingerprinting differ on the number of repetitive base sequences they contain. • Restriction enzymes are used to cut the DNA along these repetitive sequences.

  9. Who Invented it? • The process of DNA fingerprinting was invented by Alec Jeffreys at the University of Leicester in 1985. • He was knighted in 1994. Alec Jeffreys

  10. VICTIM? Rape Murder Burglary Violent Crimes CRIME SCENE CRIMINAL? A TRIANGLE OF CRIME

  11. Locard Exchange Theory The Locard Exchange Theory states that when two objects come into contact, there will be an exchange of material. This may involve transfer between two individuals, an individual and the crime scene or between the crime scene and another location. DNA Evidence

  12. Nucleus Single Cell

  13. Genome organization DNA DNA mRNA Protein Chromosome Cell Nucleus

  14. Human Genome

  15. Applications … Non-coding region individual identification / forensic applications, etc. genetic diversity chromosome rearrangements chromosomal origin association studies linkage analysis marker-assisted selection (MAS) livestock and crop improvement assessment and management of biodiversity molecular taxonomy Coding region genetic diseases disease diagnostics pharmacogenomics association studies

  16. First DNA Cases: By Dr. A. Jeffreys FORENSIC FIRSTS: DNA Profiling and the Colin Pitchfork Case Colin Pitchfork, aka The Black Pad Killer

  17. Simple paternity

  18. Blood Semen/ sperm Body tissue/ skin Bone/ bone marrow Hair/ hair roots Saliva/ bite marks Urine Teeth/dental Fecal material Mucous

  19. DNA FINGERPRINTING IS POSSIBLE FROM Biological Stains on Any Matrix Like- Saliva, Semen, Blood on: • CLOTHINGS (Pants, shirts, sarees, salwar-kurta,blouses, under garments, etc.) • Beddings (Blankets, Bed Sheets, Pillow Covers) • Carpets • Cars and Car seats • Guns • Shoes • Cigarette Butts • Hairs • Bones • Teeth • Finger Nail • Tissues • Blood Stains • Semen Stains

  20. 15. Vaginal Secretions 16. Chewing Gum 17. Razor Blades 18. Tooth Brush 19. Stamps and Envelops 20. Ear Rings 21. Nasal Secretions 22. Ear Wax 23. Watches 24. Coffee Cups, Coke Cans, Beer Bottles,etc. 25. Ski Masks (Saliva and Hair) 26. Caps (Hairs) 27. Shirts (Neck area for sweat) 28. Tooth Picks 29. Eye Glasses & Lenses

  21. Femur Skull Human Bite Mark

  22. FORENSIC APPLICATIONS • a)  Murder/Attempt to murder • b)  Rape/Sodomy/other sexual offences • c)  Accidents/mass Disaster • d) Identification of mutilated bodies (Fake encounters/ Identification of Skeletal Remains • e) Parentage Disputes/ Baby Sweeping Cases/ Missing Identity • F) Burglary/Threatening/Crime Scene Investigation etc . APPLICATIONS

  23. Soft Tissue CASE DNA SAMPLES FROM DIFF. SOURCES Saliva Seminal Fluid Saliva V.S Bones Cig. Butts

More Related