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Cold War Hot Spots

Cold War Hot Spots. Unit 4 Lesson 11. Objectives:. Describe how Communists rose to power in China and how the US reacted. Explain why the US became involved in the affairs of Korea and summarize the events of the war. Identify other Cold War “hot spots.”

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Cold War Hot Spots

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  1. Cold War Hot Spots Unit 4 Lesson 11

  2. Objectives: • Describe how Communists rose to power in China and how the US reacted. • Explain why the US became involved in the affairs of Korea and summarize the events of the war. • Identify other Cold War “hot spots.” • Explain how US foreign policy changed through the course of the Cold War.

  3. Warm Up • How did the Red Scare manifest itself in the US? • FELP- LRB • HUAC • Espionage Cases • McCarthyism

  4. Review • Subversion: an attempt to transform the established social order and its structures of power, authority, and hierarchy

  5. Communists Take China- 1949 • Chinese Civil War (28-38) • Nationalists: Chiang Kai-shek • Communists: Mao Zedong • Unite to fight WW2… temporary • People’s Republic of China • Mao’s Communists • Chou En-lai - Premier • Republic of China – aka Taiwan (Formosa) • Chiang’s Nationalists • Recognized as official govt (US & UN)

  6. Communists Take China- 1949 • Reading Activity with worksheet

  7. The Korean War • Japan occupied Korea from 1910-1945 • Post WW2, Korea divided at 38th Parallel • USSR in North • US in South • Goal: reunification

  8. UN in North Korea • USSR refuses UN-sponsored elections… • Republic of Korea in Seoul, S. Korea (Pres. Syngman Rhee) • Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in Pyongyang, N. Korea (Kim Il Sung) • Occupying troops withdrew 48 & 49.

  9. Close Reading Activity: Letter from Fredrick Brown Harris to Truman Summarize both the letter to and the letter from Truman. You should have at least 1-2 sentences per paragraph. What were the purposes of these letters? What is the tone of each letter?

  10. Open Hostilities • June to Sept- North captures Seoul, most S. Korea! • Sept to Oct – Mac pushes back…to Chinese border! • Nov to Jan 51- Chinese get involved to stop US from entering China… push back to 38th parallel “America in the 20th Century: The Cold War- Start of the Korean War”

  11. Butting Heads • MacArthur : Invade China! Truman: No! • MacArthur appeals to media, criticizes Truman • Mac fired April 11, 1951.

  12. Armistice • 1951-1953 stuck at 38th…nothing gained, much lost (54k dead, $67b) • Soviets suggest ceasefire • 38th Parallel • Demilitarized Zone • Exchange of POW’s • NK/UN signed July 1953 • No official NK/SK Treaty! “America in the 20th Century: The Cold War- MacArthur and the Armistice”

  13. Think-Pair-Share: Impact of Korea • How did the Korean War impact the United States and its relation to the Soviet Union? • How has the Korean War impacted the Korean Peninsula today?

  14. Impact of Korea • UN gains authority • Hostilities in Korea continue • N. Korea still communist • US commit to containment • US precedent for future intervention (Vietnam) • US rejects Dem Party, elects Republican Ike • Military-industrial complex

  15. Eisenhower and the Cold War

  16. Brinksmanship • 1949- Soviet A Bomb • Nov 52/Aug 53- H Bomb • John Foster Dulles • Use “full force” • NSC triples defense $ • Deterrance • MAD Arms Race • Air Raid Drills Bomb Shelters • “Living Under the Button”

  17. Cold War Takes to the Skies • Oct 4, 1957- Sputnik • Fear ICBM attack • Reading • US tries to duplicate and fails • NASA • National Defense Education Act • U2 Incident • US spy plane shot down over USSR

  18. Other Confrontations • Asia: US doesn’t sign Geneva Accords, gives aid to S.Vietnam • Middle East: US supports creation Israel (‘47), Eisenhower Doctrine (‘57) after Suez Crisis – US force against communist aggression in ME • Latin America – Rio Pact & OAS Treaties

  19. Kennedy & Flexible Response • Cuba: Recognize Castro (’59) then break off relations (’61) • 1961 Bay of Pigs: • CIA trains Cuban exiles in Cuba to overthrow Castro regime…Fails…JFK embarrassed • 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis: • Spy planes detect USSR missile sites in Cuba, world on edge for 13 days until Khruschev falters and agrees to remove. • US-USSR Hotline

  20. LBJ and Communism • Concerns tied up in Vietnam…to be discussed later

  21. Nixon & A New Foreign Policy • Henry Kissinger – Realpolitik • Détente-Cooling of tension …“peaceful coexistence” • May 72 – 1st Pres to visit • Brezhnev & SALT I • China & Ping Pong Diplomacy • ‘71 end travel ban & trade embargo • ’72 Visit (1st Pres ever)

  22. Cold War Ends • Reagan vs. Evil Empire • Arms Race • Space Race – Star Wars • Soviet Union Falls Apart (see Unit 1!)

  23. Closure What was US level of involvement in the Korean War? How did Containment fail/succeed?

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