MACHINERY OF LABOR WELFARE IN INDIA

1. MACHINERY OF LABOR WELFARE IN INDIA

2. Social security is an important welfare measure for working class. • It helps labors at the time of illness, accidents, invalidity and other hardship of life • To run the social security and labor welfare schemes efficiently, Machinery is needed. Because without any effective administrative set up it is very hard to run these schemes.

3. Evolution of Machinery • Before independence Britishers were not much concerned to improve the conditions of workers. But after independence Indian Government did it. • Industrialization carries various problems • The Fatal Accident Act 1885, The Merchant Shipping Act1859, The Factories Act 1888 & 1911, the Mines Act

4. Continued… • In 1920 Special Post of Labor Commissioner created in Madras and Bengal • 1920 Central government set up Bureau to promote certain coordination between central and province • 1921 Government of Bombay also followed to suit by setting up a Labors Commissioners office • The Bureau abolished in 1923 • 1929 Royal commission on labor and its recommendations accepted by government.

5. Accidents • “An accident is an unplanned and uncontrolled event which causes or cause likely to an injury” • It is something which is unexpected, unpredicted or not desired • An accident may cause as a result of some unsafe activity, act, working condition etc.

6. Industrial Accident • An accident or occupational accident is an event of accident that suddenly occurs when one or more no. of employees placed in plant.

7. Types • According to Length of Recovery • According to Nature of Injury

8. Categories of Accidents • Minor accidents- • Reportable • Fatal • Due to dangerous occurance

9. Minor • Less harmful • Preventing worker from working for the period of less than 48 hours from time of accidents • These accidents are not reported to top management • Easily controlable

10. Little complicated • Prevent more than 48 hours • Supervisor responsible to report to the top management and arrange another worker so that the production could not e affect

11. Dangerous • Occurs due to, • Bursting of vessel for containing steam under pressure greater then atmospheric pressure • Failure of crank or other appliances • Explosion of fire causing damage • Explosion of gas or liquid

12. Causes of Accidents • Technical – unsafe condition- Mechanical and environmental factors • Human – Unsafe acts-Personal Factors

13. ISO 14001 • Is an Internationally accepted standard that sets out a framework of essential elements for putting an effective EMS in place • The standard is designed to address the delicate balance between maintaining profitability and reducing environmental impact. With the commitment of entire company, it can enable to achieve both objectives

14. It is for, • Single site to large MNCs • High to Low risk service companies • Manufacturing, process and the service industries including local government • All industrial sectors including public and private sectors • Original equipment manufacturers and their suppliers

15. ISO 14001 simply… • Plan- your approach • Do- Undertake an action • Check- it is working • Act- taking corrective actions

16. EMS

17. EMS refers to the management of an organization’s environmental programs in a comprehensive, systematic, planned and documented manner. • It includes organizational structure, planning and resources for developing, implementing and maintaining policy for environmental protection.

18. More formally EMS is a system and database which integrates procedures and processes for training of personnel, monitoring, summarizing and reporting of specialized environmental performance information to internal and external stakeholders of a firm

19. Trade Unionism • A Trade Union is a continuous association of wage earners for the purpose of maintaining or Improving the conditions of their lives. • A TU means an association of workers in one or more professions an association carried on mainly for the purpose of protecting and advancing the members “Economic interest in connection with their daily work”

20. Philosophy • Industrial Revolution 1760 in great Britain • 1820-1840 Transition Period – Hand production methods to machines, chemical, iron industries formed • Textile dominating • The Industrial Revolutions major impact was Standard of Living is increased consistently in the History First time • GDP per Capita was broadly stable before IRev. • Increase in capitalist economy • Structural Change from Agriculture to Industry • Mechanized textile Production

21. The majority of textile workers during Ind Rev were Unmarried women and Children including orphans and worked for 12-14 hrs • Class Struggle • The Trade Union Through its Leadership, bargains with the EMPLOYER on behalf of UNION members and negotiates labor contract (collective bargaining) with employers. • The most common purpose of these associations or Unions is “maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment”

22. TYPES OF TU Reformist Revolutionary Aim at destroying present structure completely and replacing it with new and different institutions according to the ideas that are regarded as preferable • Aim at the preservation of the capitalist society and maintenance of the usual Employee-Employer Relationship, elimination of competitive system of production

24. Objectives of TU

25. Service To Members – • Education and training • Legal assistance • Financial Discount • Welfare benefits

26. Functions of TU

27. MILITANT

28. FRATERNAL • To take up welfare measures for improving morale of the workers • To generate self confidence among workers • To encourage sincerity and discipline among workers • To provide opportunities for promotion and growth • To protect women workers against discrimination

29. INTRAMURAL • Intramural refers to welfare schemes and activities within the framework of factory premises ( safety, secure working environment, minimum wages, minimum working hours, and leave with wages) • Extramural refers to the welfare schemes outside the factory premises( medical assistance, health care and education etc.)

30. ROLE OF TU • Sectional Bargainer – Interest of Labors at all levels plant, industry, national level) • Class Bargainer • Agents of state • Partners in social control • Unions role • Business oriented Role • Unions as Change agent (Adopting the model of Prof. Clark Kerr, union assumes above roles)

31. Problems of Trade Unions • Uneven growth: Industry wise and area wise • Financial weakness • Multiplicity of Unions and Inter-Union Rivalry • Leadership Issue • Politicization of Unions • Problem of Recognition of Trade Union

32. Trend and Challenges

33. Change in TU

34. Impact of ILO • At the end of World war I, a Peace Conference was convened which led to the creation of the ILO in 1919 • As an original signatory to the Treaty of Peace, India became a member of an ILO in 1919 • ILO one of the specialized agencies of UN • 1920-1930 face problems due to economic crisis • June 1944 conference at Philadelphia to consider programs and policies to be pursued after WAR II • The purpose and aim of an ILO redefined in the form of Declaration- The Declaration Philadelphia

35. Declaration • Is based on the following principles • Labor is not commodity • Freedom of expression and of association are essential for sustained progress • Poverty anywhere constitutes a danger to prosperity everywhere • The war against want requires to be carried on with unrelenting vigor by each nation and continuous and concerted international effort in which representatives of workers and employers, enjoying equal status with those of governments, join a free discussion and democratic decisions with a view to promoting the welfare of common man.

36. Aims • To remove the hardship and privations of the toiling masses all over the world and to ensure economic justice for them and • To improve their living and working conditions as a vital step towards establishment of a universal and lasting peace based on social Justice

37. ILO • Is tripartite body consisting of , Representatives of Government, Employers and workers of member countries in the ration of 2:1:1 • International Institute of labor Studies was established in 1960 Centre for advanced studies in the Social and Labor field.

38. Principal Organs of ILO

40. ILO Divided Into 3 Parts

41. THE MAHARSHTRA RECOGNITION of TRADE UNIONS of Prevention OF UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES ACT 1971 • The act deals with ULP on the part of trade unions and employers also. • ULP are prohibited

42. Unfair Labor Practices on the part of Employers 1. To discharge or dismiss employees – • By way or victimization • Not in good faith but in the colorable exercise to the employer’s rights • By falsely implicit an employee in a criminal case on false evidence or on concocted evidence • For patently false reasons • Untrue or trumped allegations of absence without leave • In utter disregard of the principles of natural justice in the conduct of domestic inquiry or with undue haste • For misconduct of a minor or technical character without having any regard to the nature or the past record of service so as to amount to a shockingly disproportionate punishment

43. 2 . To abolish the work of a regular nature and to give work to contractors as a measure of a breaking a strike 3. To transfer an employee mollified from one place to another under the guise of following management policy 4. To insist upon individual employees who were on legal strike to sign a good conduct bond as a precondition to allowing them to resume work 5.To show favoritism or partiality to one set of workers regardless of merits 6.To employ employees as Badalis, casual or temporary and to continue them as such for years with the object of depriving them to the status and privileges of permanent employees

44. 7. To discharge or discriminate against any employee for filing charges of testifying against an employer in any inquiry or proceedings relating to any industrial disputes 8. To recruit employees during a strike which is not an illegal strike 9. Failure to implement award, settlement or agreement 10. To indulge in Act of force of violence