Chaper 11 SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIALS

1. Chaper 11SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIALS Made by Li Jing,Jiang Hui,Zhou Xueli,Wang Liping 1/67

2. 1 2 3 The sustainability of traditional buildingmaterials New sustainable building materials and the development trend Sustainable building materials and assessment CONTENTS 2/67

3. 1 Sustainable Building Materials and Assessment 3/67

4. 1 .1 Concept The life cycle of building materials involves the gathering of a raw material, manufacturing, distribution, installation of the desired product, ultimate reuse or disposal of the material and most important factor is it’s impact on the environment 4/67

5. 1.2 What can wedo in different phases • Waste reduction Pre-building Phase • Recycled Content • Recycled Content • Embodied Energy • Reduction • Embodied Energy • Reduction 5/67

6. Building Phase • Energy • Efficiency Reduction in Construction waste Water treatment Renewable energy system Use of Non-Toxic Longer life 6/67

7. Biodegradability Post-Building Phase recyclability reusability 7/67

8. D A C B E advanced technology and equipment 1.3 Characteristics of green building materials use fewer natural resources Without the use of organic compounds recycled and reused design of the product 8/67

9. Use recycled resources Save energy and resources 1.4 Categories of sustainable building materials Special environment Safe and comfortable Health functions 9/67

10. 1.5 evaluation Single factor evaluation system Composite evaluation 10/67

11. Principle 1.5.1 Principle of Construction evaluation system In line with national industrial policy Consistent with national circumstances Scientific and practical indicators Product selectivity Dynamic and hierarchical Targeted and quantifiable indicators 11/67

12. First level Environmental Indicators System 1.5.2 Evaluation system framework Second level Quality indicators Third level Energy consumption indicators Corresponding each indicators Fourth level 12/67

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15. Single factor evaluation Environmental Load Unit Ecological Index Environmental Quotient Eco-factor method 1.5.3 Following evaluation methods have been proposed Life Cycle Assessment 15/67

16. 1.6 Life Cycle Assessment • The life cycle of building materials involves the gatheringof a raw material, manufacturing, distribution,installation of the desired product, ultimate reuse or disposal of the material • The entire life cycle of a building material can be classified into three categories: 1.6.1 Life cycleof building materials 16/67

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18. The process of LCA : Identify and quantify the energy and material consumption in the whole life cycle . Evaluate these consumption and emissions impacts on the environment. Identify and evaluate the chances of reducing the influence It emphasizes the environmental impacts on the ecological health, human health and the resource consumption . 1.7 LCA 1.7.1Introduction of LCA 18/67

19. 1.7.2 The technical framework of LCA 1. The goal and scope definition It is the most critical part and it needs to determine the LCA purpose and intent, then determine the study range. 2. Inventory analysis It needs to analyze quantitatively the energy use and emissions to the environment in the whole life cycle. 19/67

20. 3. Environmental impact assessment It needs to make a quantitative or qualitative analysis on the environmental impact. 4. Improvment of the assessment Based on certain evaluation criteria to identify weaknesses and potential opportunities for improvement of products, in order to achieve the purpose of the ecological optimization. 20/67

21. Direct application: The goal and scope definition • development and • improvement of productioon improvment of the assessment • Strategic planning Inventory analysis • Making public policy • Marketing Environmental impact assessment • others The technical framework 21/67

22. 1.7.3 Construction of LCA 1. Determineweight coefficient of the sustainable building materials' evaluation index Determine the weight coefficient by the experts' scoring, then construct fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, finally combine them and then form a green degree index value of the object 22/67

23. 2. The sustainable building materials' LCA evaluation system The basic index system: only in accord with the qualified products of the national or industry standards, can it enter the next environment evaluation system. Environmental assessment system:determine the levels of evaluation index by considerating itseffects on the environment and human healthin the whole life cycle of greenbuilding materials. 23/67

24. LCA is the environmental impact assessment of a whole process, and has been successfully applied to many fields. However,there are also several aspects to notice : Select the standard products Determine the objectives and boundary 1.7.4 Application of LCA First select a product as the reference, and then compare them transversely and longitudinally Determine its target while evaluating a product 24/67

25. The appropriate evaluation software Dynamic process Cataloging analysis Quantify every stage effects , then classify the statistical results to lay the foundation for the next evaluation Reduce the human errors After LCA, the related datas become a part of database,and thenapply them to new product development after improving evaluation 25/67

26. 2 The sustainability of traditional buildingmaterials 26/67

27. Definition Classification a)Construction materials: lumber, stone, cement, concrete, ceramic and metal.etc. b)Decoration materials: coating, paint, cover, ceramic.etc. c) Special materials: water proof, moisture proof, heat preservation , thermal insulation.etc various materials used in the field of architecture and civil engineering 2.1 Introduction about traditional building materials 27/67

28. 2.2.1 The reality of traditional building materials 2.2Why should we make traditional building materials green advantages disadvantages • high investment • high pollution • high energy consumption • high resource consumption • good performance • can meet specific needs` 28/67

29. Without recycle • Waste energy and • Pollute environment 2.2.2 The details of disadvantages The use phase The extraction &production phase The waste disposal phase • Release poisonous gas • The performance of heat preservation and thermal insulation .etc . is not so good • Cause bad indoor air quality • Cause some healresources th problems • Only 6%of raw materials • be extracted • The remaining 94% may • harm to the environment • A large amount of • energy and resources • consumption • A large amount of • pollutants emissions 29/67

30. 2.3 It’s time to make a change Why Solution Prospection • More strained resource • More serious environment pollution • Large amount of usage of traditional building materials • The sustainable development strategy • People require building materials to be safe ,practical, environmental and ecological • Safe ,healthy, • environmental • Light weight , high strength ,durable, functional • Less energy, less land ,reuse of waste Make traditional building materials green 30/67

31. 2.3 How to make traditional building materials green 2.3.1 The principle of greening the traditional building materials extraction disposal 1.Grasp the concept of the whole life cycle of building materials 2. Harmonious with ecological environment 3.Less energy and resource consumption 4.Less influence to ecological environment 5.high utilization of renewable resources 6.easy to degrade and recycle production use 31/67

32. Sanitary ceramics Metal Cement Concrete lumber Chemical materials How to make the seven kinds of materials green? • 2.3.2 Commonly used traditional building materials Glass 32/67

33. 2.3.2.1 The greening of cement Traditional process Results • Extracted from limestone • By kiln firing • Grinding into cement with gypsum • A lot of CO2&NO2&SO2 emissions • Cause dust pollution • Cause noise pollution • Use a large amount of coal resources and electric power 33/67

34. 2.3.2.1 The greening of cement Advanced process • Less CO2 & NO2&SO2 emissions • Reduce dust & noise pollution • Save resource & energy • Lower hydration heat • reduce the possibility of shrinkage and cracking • High strength • Excellent durability • Low environment load Significance • New dry kiln method • Efficient dust removal technology • Flue gas desulfurization technology 34/67

35. 2.3.2.2 The greening of concrete Traditional process Results • Insufficient strength • Iarge construction area • Little available indoor space • Easy to shrink and decompose • Easy to creep and crack • Waste resource and pollute environment finally • Only use cement ,water and aggregate • High water & cement content • Low quality of concrete admixture 35/67

36. 2.3.2.2 The greening of concrete Advanced process • No shrinkage and crack phenomenon • Save about 10% of the amount of steel • Save about 30% of the amount of concrete • Increase 1.0%-1.5% of the available building area • Better concrete workability • High construction efficiency Significance • High performance concrete • Low water-cement ratio • No-pollution and no-toxic green concrete additive 36/67

37. 2.3.2.3 The greening of glass Traditional process Results • Waste energy • Low degree of safety • Short furnace life • Lack of energy-saving technology • Low efficiency of glass furnace melting • The glass strength is not high 37/67

38. Advanced process • High clealiness of production • Better fuctionality • Prolong the life of furnace • Save resource • Little pollutants emissions Significance • Advanced combustion technology,eg,oxygen blowing,oxygen enrichment,oxygen booster • ncrease the melting scale of glass furnace 2.3.2.3 The greening of glass 38/67

39. 2.3.2.4 The greening of metal Traditional process Results • Low energy efficiency • The high cost • Low production • efficiency • Harmful by-products, • eg,plumbum compound • Coking coal is directly combusted to make iron • Low level of continuous efficient production • No reasonable disposal of waste 39/67

40. 2.3.2.4 The greening of metal Advanced process • Greatly reduce production process • Achieve green production • High production and energy efficiency • Achieve recycle and regeneration of waste Significance • Refining technology • Smelting reduction • iron-making technology • Metallurgical shortened process • Oxygen-enriched coal injection technology • Continuous casting technology 40/67

41. 2.3.2.5 The greening of lumber Traditional process Results • Use the other adhesive products • Serious lumber storage problem • No consideration about  balance of  exploitation and supplement  of lumber resources • Green ecological performance is destroyed • Got damp and decayed • Not harmonious with environment 41/67

42. 2.3.2.5 The greening of lumber Advanced process Significance • adjust the practicality , • ecology and the green degree • of lumber products • Reasonable disposal and • recycle of waste • Be more ecological • Better performance • Less resource consumption • Less pollution to environment 42/67

43. 2.3.2.6 The greening of chemical materials Traditional process Results • Energy –saving is not so good • Comfort is not enough • Cause bad indoor air quality • Harmful to human’s health • The use of thermal insulation , heat preservation sound insulation technology is not in good effect (Plastic profiles) • Release volatile substances(building coating) 43/67

44. 2.3.2.6 The greening of chemical materials • Adopt multi-chamber cross-section design • Reduce the wall thickness of profiles • Increase the number of Internal reinforcing ribs and chamber • Develop non-organic solvent-based paints Significance Advanced process • Good greening effects • Better energy-saving effects • Less release volatile substances • Not toxic 44/67

45. 2.3.2.7 The greening of sanitary ceramics Traditional process Results • Lack disposal of radiation • the shop is not in high strength • Without recycle of the waste • Harmful to human’s health • Short service life • Waste resource 45/67

46. 2.3.2.7 The greening of sanitary ceramics Advanced process Significance • grasp "economy - resources - environment“ concept • continuous improvement, development , optimization in the greening process • the green products of building sanitary ceramics 46/67

47. 3 New sustainable building materials and the development trend 47/67

48. Transparent insulation material Silicon fiberfine ceramic plate Phase-change material Crystal glass bricks 1 3 2 4 3.1 New building material 48/67

49. Transparent insulation material 1 New building mateal • Transparent Insulation Materials (TIM) represent a new class of thermal insulationmaterialwherein air gaps are used to reduce the unwanted heat losses. • It consists of a transparent cellular (honeycomb) array immersed in an air layer. 49/67

50. Transparent insulation material 1 New building material • TIM are solar transparent yet provide good thermal insulation; they hold great promise of application in increasing the solar gain of outdoor thermal energy systems. • The fundamental physical principle used in TIM is the wavelength difference between the solar radiation which is received by the absorber and the IR radiation which is emitted by it. 50/67