Child Development Phases: From Infancy to School Age

1. Ages N Stages Chapter 22

2. Discuss the following phrases…… • “acting like a child” • “from the mouth of babes”

3. Areas of Development • 5 areas • 1 – physical development • large motor skills are; • ---abilities that depend on controlling large muscles like legs and arms

4. small motor skills are; • ---abilities that depend on control of small muscles, like hands and fingers

5. 2 – intellectual development • to use language and understand concepts • to learn concentration

6. 3--- emotional development • --infant cries to communicate • ---toddler can vocalize

7. 4 – social development • --enjoy relationships by the time they go to school

8. 5 --- moral development • --learn to tell right from wrong

9. Stages and Principles • 4 main stages children go through:

10. *1 –infancy (birth to 1 year) *2 –toddlerhood (1 to 3 years) *3 –preschool age (3 to 5 years) 4 –school age (5 to 10 years) *denotes early childhood Stages

11. Developmental Tasks are … • --different skills and abilities

12. 1 – development is sequential • --children build on tasks and in order, adding layers of ability

13. 2 –rules of development are individual • --some learn rapidly, others more slowly, each has a unique time frame

14. 3 – the 5 areas of development are interrelated • skills require child to be ready in more than one area • Ex. Toilet training, bowels, bladder and intellectual and emotional readiness

15. General rules • Children learn to control larger muscles before smaller ones • Children learn simple tasks and skills before complex ones

16. Which kind of motor skills allow an infant to crawl across the floor? • ---large motor skills

17. To fit an object into another one? • --small motor skills

18. Can you predict exactly when a child will learn a certain skill? • --no, they develop differently

19. What roles does patience, frustration, repetition have in acquiring skills? • **have students write with other hand • **discuss large and small motor skills • walking, running • crocheting, sewing, embroidery

20. Brain Development • --giving infants and young children experiences, talking to them, loving them develop more brain connections—

21. Infancy • Physical Development • 1 ---reflexes • --automatic, involuntary responses • 2 – all senses are present • ---eye, hearing, taste, smell, and touch

22. 3 –eye-hand coordination • --ability of the eyes and the hand and arm muscles to work together to make complex movements • **putting objects in their mouth • **rolling over, sitting up, finally standing

23. Intellectual development • --sleeps a lot and then after time can follow toy with eyes and begins to coo for communication • Object permanence is…. • --people and things exist even after they are gone from sight, learned around 8 to 12 months of age

24. Emotional Development • --develops trust in primary caregiver • --feels warm, fed, and dry

25. Social Development • --at 3 months --- smiles • ---at 7 months recognizes familiar and unfamiliar faces

26. Toddlerhood 1 – 3 years • Physical Development • --may feed and dress self, needs to be watched for accidents

27. Intellectual development • --improved communication, learns size and space, objects go together or inside of each other

28. Emotional development • --acquire ideas that form their self-concept • --“I can do it myself” attitude

29. Social Development • ---parallel play is …… • -----when toddlers play alongside one another instead of together • age 2 they struggle for independence, favorite word is “no”

30. Moral Development • --morality…. • --an understanding about what is right and wrong • --they test new behaviors and observe the results • “separation anxiety”

31. Preschoolers 3 – 5 years • Physical Development • --move with greater assurance

32. Intellectual Development • --learn alphabet, live in make believe world

33. Emotional Development • --full range of emotions from fear to anxiety and fears • --may not be able to distinguish from fantasy and reality

34. Social Development • --cooperative play • --is seeking out play groups of three or four children • --how to get along with others, share, and simple problem solving

35. Moral Development • --may have rigid sense of right and wrong • --know caregivers, set and control rules

36. School Age Children • Physical Development • --baby teeth replaced, enjoy games like running and jumping, can draw and write

37. Intellectual Development • --asks many questions, they think about why and how things happen • --add 5000 words to their vocab

38. Emotional Development • --stress may enter from school or family

39. Social Development • --begin to form peer groups, take on more responsibility for their actions

40. Moral Development • --understand rules are flexible and can be changed • --want others to think of them as “good” • **children first begin to acquire sense of trust

41. Special Needs • Physical Disabilities • --have strong opinions about how they want to be treated • --can be empowered by caregivers who never question what they can do

42. Mental Disabilities • ---they develop more slowly and often stop at lower level • --tasks accomplished by extra effort

43. Learning Disabilities • --problems that interfere with learning

44. Emotional Disabilities • --being withdrawn, afraid, or aggressive • may be indicators of emotional disabilities • --may need counseling

45. Gifted children • --highly intellectual • --need extra opportunities and challenges to keep them stimulated and challenged

46. Inclusion • --the practice of placing children who have disabilities and those who do not together in classrooms for all or part of the day

47. Page 14 Activities • Write descriptions of child at certain developmental stage • Infancy, toddler, preschooler, school age • Name and activities • Share with the class • **make a chart • Page 230 • Key Chapter notes • 4 columns • Developmental key words and phrases