China and The West

1. China and The West

2. The Opium War (1839) • Britain buys an incredible amount of tea from China

3. China just wants to trade for silver.

4. What to trade? What to trade?

5. DRUGS! I got it! Let’s sell them….

6. British Drug Lords • The British merchants and government purposely tried to get China addicted to drugs • Chinese government protests • Lin Tse-hsu, special envoy to Canton

7. Opium War Breaks Out (1839) • Britain fights to be drug dealers in China • Britain wins easily • Keep sending in Opium • Other foreign nations begin to take advantage

8. Treaty ofNanjing • China has to pay for destroyed Opium • $100 million • Great Britain received control of Hong Kong • Extraterritoriality • tried under laws of your country not China

9. Several foreign countries control areas of China • Create tax systems for their own good

10. Open Door Policy • America wants its piece of China • Ask all the others to trade equally

11. Taiping Rebellion (1851) • Hong Xiuquan • has visions of world peace • starts with peace in China • leads a rebellion to bring change to the government • Take Nanjing • Lasts 14 years • French and British help end the fight • over 20 million Chinese die

12. Japan Modernizes

13. Foreigners Arrive (1600’s - 1800’s) • Europeans anchor off the coast and ask to be heard • Tokugawa Shogunate refuses to see them

14. U.S. Arrives 1853 • Commodore Mathew Perry • Asks to be heard • Four war ships • steam powered • massive cannons

15. The Letter • Letter from President Millard Fillmore • U.S. wanted to trade • Could use refueling point • Wanted a new market to sell goods

16. “It seems to be wise from time to time to make new laws…If your Imperial Majesty were so far to change the ancient laws as to allow a free trade between the two countries, it would be extremely beneficial to both…Our steamships, in crossing the great ocean, burn a great deal of coal, and it is not convenient to bring it all the way from America. We wish that our steamships and other vessels should be allowed to stop in Japan and supply themselves with coal, provisions, and water. They will pay for them, in money, or anything else your Imperial Majesty’s subjects may prefer.” Millard Fillmore President of the United States of America

17. I’ll give him an offer he can’t refuse…. • Commodore Perry’s Offer • Take your time, you have a year • I’ll be back with a fleet of warships to hear the answer

18. 1854 Treaty of Kanagawa • Opened 2 ports to the U.S. • Shimoda • Hakodate • Established formal relations • U.S. embassy in Japan

19. Egypt

20. Muhammad Ali Pasha(r. 1805 - 1848) • Creates independent Egypt • Peasant army • Train under French and Italian officers • Begins modernization • changes self sufficient agrarian society • small group of landowners • cash crops

21. Ismail Pasha “Khedive”(r. 1863 - 1879) • Modernization continues • Suez Canal 1859 under his uncle • government administration • court system • cotton takes off • 1860’s takes place of “South” during U.S. Civil War • Wants to build massive infrastructure • takes loans from France and Great Britain

22. Over spends and can’t pay debt • Sells 44% of Suez to Britain • Britain and France will not allow bankruptcy • take control of Egypt’s finances

23. Urabi revolt • Egypt rebels fight foreign economic control • Colonel Ahmed Arabi • Ismail replaced by his son Tewfik • pawn for the British • Britain sends in troops for a temporary occupation • only last….74 years!

24. New Model of Expansion • Military force • Political Domination • Self justifying ideology of beneficial reform • “We’re hear to help the people.” • Sound familiar????