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Risk Assessment for Software Projects

This lecture discusses the different types of risks in software projects, including code development, external dependencies, technology, personnel, and requirements changes, and provides strategies for risk analysis and mitigation.

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Risk Assessment for Software Projects

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  1. CSE 403Lecture 9 Risk assessment

  2. Is software different? • Submit a one sentence answer.

  3. Risk • Exposure to the chance of injury or loss • For a software project: • Failure to deliver on time • Exceeding resource limits • Not meeting quality threshold

  4. Abstract view of risk • Random variable • Outcomes with different probabilities

  5. Concrete view of risks • Professors A, B, C, and D assign grades at random according to known distributions. Give your preference for the Profs (1 highest, 4 lowest) • Prof A. P(4.0) = ¾, P(0.0) = ¼ • Prof B. P(3.0) = ½, P(2.0) = ½ • Prof C. P(4.0) = ¼, P(3.0) = ¼, P(1.7) = ½ • Prof D. P(2.4) = 1

  6. Risk analysis • Types of Risk • Code Development • External Dependency • Technology • Personnel • Requirements Change

  7. Sources of Risk I • Development risks • Code harder to develop than thought • Learning curve on new facilities • Expected facilities not available • Need to iterate on requirements / design • Performance Issues • Trigger other bugs

  8. Sources of Risk II • Integration risks • Parts don't fit together • Integration reveals bugs • Integration reveals design errors • Need to rewrite code after integration • Code left out

  9. Sources of Risk III • Testing risks • Bugs will be found • Bugs won't be found • Complexity of testing matrix • Deployment beyond development machines • Difficulties in test automation and test tools • UI and Workflow feedback

  10. Sources of Risk IV • Requirements Risks • New requirements introduced • Change in Specification • Inconsistencies in requirements • User feedback • Market conditions • Platform and technology changes

  11. Sources of Risk V • Deployment Risks • Packaging distributable • Rights and licensing of components • Legal signoff • Marketing signoff • Systems configuration

  12. Sources of Risk VI • People risks • Unexpected Loss of Personnel • Illness • Vacation • Other demands on time • Group friction • Inaccurate evaluation of skills • Drop in performance

  13. Assess the five categories of risk for Gizmoball • Code Development • External Dependency • Technology • Personnel • Requirements Change

  14. Quantification of Risk • Modeling task completion as a random variable • Probability density • Distribution function TRACE BLUE LINE

  15. Write the data entry module Hire a tester Fix a simple bug Menu item not checked when operation selected Fix a challenging bug Intermittent problem with thread logic Probability distributions on completion time Cumulative Probability of Success 1.0 Time

  16. Sketch completion time graphs for the following • Write a tic-tac-toe program in Java • Write a tic-tac-toe program in Visual Basic • Hire a contractor and have the contractor write a tic-tac-toe program in Visual Basic • Debug some else's tic-tac-toe program

  17. Completion graphs for TIC-TAC-TOE Programming Java Visual Basic Contractor Debug

  18. What type of tasks might have the following DFs ? Cumulative Probability of Success Cumulative Probability of Success 1.0 1.0 Time Time

  19. Risk Analysis • Identify top schedule risks to project • Risk exposure • Size of Loss X Probability of Loss • (Better might be Expected loss) • Guess two numbers and multiply them • Value in attempting to quantify • Prioritize based upon exposure

  20. What to do with risk analysis • Avoid the risk • Transfer risk off the critical path • Buy information • Bring in outside help • Prototype • Publicize risk • The sky is falling • Schedule to accommodate some risk • Monitor risks as project progresses

  21. You need 60 points to pass Two midterms and a final For each exam P(0) = ¼, P(20)= ½, P(40) = ¼ There is an extra credit assignment worth 20 points You may drop the class after the first midterm for free Dropping the midterm after the second midterm is a W You get kicked out of school if you fail a course twice, or withdraw 3 times You want to graduate soon When do you do the EC assignment When do you drop the course? Give a strategy for passing the course from Prof A.

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