1 / 15

Malaria in the Immune System

Malaria in the Immune System. By: Lindsay. What is it?. Malaria is a disease that is transferred usually by mosquito The mosquito passes on parasites that it contains in it’s own system. The parasites are passed into the blood stream. Symptoms. Protection.

jeb
Download Presentation

Malaria in the Immune System

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Malaria in the Immune System By: Lindsay

  2. What is it? • Malaria is a disease that is transferred usually by mosquito • The mosquito passes on parasites that it contains in it’s own system. The parasites are passed into the blood stream.

  3. Symptoms

  4. Protection • Immune protection against malaria requires continued exposure • People who get effected by malaria in a “risk zone” and then leave, are more apt to get it when they return to a risk zone • Immune system needs the parasites to be in the body for an amount of time so that they can produce antibodies and combating cells to fight of the disease • Risk Zones include: Africa, Central American, Mexico, South America and Southern Asia

  5. Effects on the Immune System • Immune system defenses include: antibodies, lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, natural kill (NK) cells and neutrophils

  6. Antibodies • neutralize the parasites • Stunt parasite development • prevent them from entering target cells • help macrophages to engulf the parasites and infected cells.

  7. NK Cells and Neutrophils • First line of defense against malaria • Macrophages attack the malaria infected cells, along with infected RBC, and engulf them • Macrophages eventually clear parasites from blood stream

  8. Cellular Immunity • Considered very helpful in the prevention of malaria • Cytokines are also helpful to prevent malaria • This chemical is secreted by lymphocytes • They enhance the process of cellular immunity

  9. Malaria in the Liver • causes the liver to become enlarged • Becomes firm and tender • Parasites travel to the liver first • This is where they change to a new form that can effect red blood cells and cause them to burst (decreases RBC count :/) • Parasite cells accumulate calcium ions that disguise the infected cell so the immune system doesn’t “see” the infection right off

  10. Red Blood cell bursting after Malaria infection

  11. Problems • Malaria parasites presents a different group of targets (antigens) to the immune system • Malaria parasites mutate rapidly generating different variant • This ability to generate different forms and a diversity within targets of the host's immune system help the parasites to bypass malarial immunity. • Parasite diversity makes it difficult to create a vaccine for malaria because the parasites changes so one vaccine might not effect diverse malarial parasites

  12. Extra Facts • Malaria kills more than 3,000 children under the age of five per year • More than 1.5 million/year • Infection rate of approx. 400 to 500 million/year

More Related