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The End of 20 th Century Journalism : “ Every Citizen is a Reporter”

The End of 20 th Century Journalism : “ Every Citizen is a Reporter”. 2:22 p.m. on the 22nd of February, 2000. New Concept: “Every Citizen is a Reporter”. Trajectory of human communications. Blogs Citizen journalism Bulletin boards. The Scale of Diffusion. Interactivity.

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The End of 20 th Century Journalism : “ Every Citizen is a Reporter”

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  1. The End of 20th Century Journalism:“Every Citizen is a Reporter”

  2. 2:22 p.m. on the 22nd of February, 2000

  3. New Concept: “Every Citizen is a Reporter”

  4. Trajectory of human communications Blogs Citizen journalism Bulletin boards The Scale of Diffusion Interactivity WOM at pre-industrial town - Newspaper - Radio & Television - Internet - Mobile phones

  5. Digital divide alongside age in Korea Print & TV News News makers & News sources Internet News News makers & News sources

  6. OhmyNews was founded on the premise of “Citizen Reporters” “Every citizen's a reporter. Journalists aren't some exotic species, they're everyone who seeks to take new developments, put them into writing, and share them with others.” – Oh Yeon Ho, founder and CEO of OhmyNews

  7. OhmyNews was founded on the premise of “Citizen Reporters” “OhmyNews does not regard straight news articles as the standard. Articles including both facts and opinions are acceptable when they are good.” – Oh Yeon Ho, Speaking with Japan Media Review

  8. Number of Citizen Reporters explodes from 727 to 37,000+ General Election 2000 Presidential Election 2002 General Election 2004 Feb.2000 Sep. 2000 Mar. 2001 Nov. 2001 Oct. 2002 Mar. 2003 Nov. 2003 Apr.2004

  9. Citizen Reporters – Who Are They? *As of Dec. 09 2003

  10. Citizen Reporters – Who Are They? *As of Dec. 09 2003

  11. Citizen Reporters – Who Are They? *As of Dec. 09 2003

  12. Why they write for OhmyNews • Eyeballs; thousands of readers (current record is 100,000 views) guaranteed for their story • Instant feedback from readers; up to 3,500 readers’ comments recorded depending on nature of the story • Sense of empowerment by participating in changing society • Monetary rewards; 20,000 won for top story, 10,000 won for sub-top and 2,000 won for ingul story *Readers can tip writers using a mobile phone payment system • “News Guerillas of the Month”, “News Guerillas’ Day”

  13. What they write for OhmyNews Topics they have easy access to: • Essay-style musings on daily life • Columns on various political and social issues • Film and book reviews • Media criticism mostly on reports by conservative established media • On any given day, they submit 150 to 200 stories, over 70% of the news content for OhmyNews

  14. It’s not bulletproof but a system is in place to guarantee credibility • Background-check for every single netizen before they can sign up as an OhmyNews citizen reporter • No news can appear on the main page until they pass through fact-check and screening process by OhmyNews copyeditors – we reject as many as 30% of 150-200 stories submitted daily for various reasons • Sensitive stories that contain claims that potentially damage news makers’ reputation get more thorough fact-check and sometimes entail even on-site visits • Citizen reporters tend to write softer news like movie review, travel essays minimizing any chance of legal conflict in the first place

  15. New York Times Digital OhmyNews Use Web as… a pipe for news delivery a playground for readers Use of technology Web as a carrier of print news to cyber space HTML, Web-radio, Web-TV, Mobile news and Weekly print edition News consumption I produce. You consume and leave. We produce. We consume and stay. Attitude Modernistic elite media Post-modernistic “We” media Reader participation Limited feedback to the editor via “Readers’ Opinion” Write as a citizen reporter, post your comments or give money to reporters Content Quality news, analysis, editorials and op-eds Focused news on politics and social issues by staff reporters Essay style reports by citizen reporters Updates 10~15 times per day As many as necessary; 24 times per day in case of live text casting Tale of Two Internet News Media

  16. “Attention Netizens!” Citizen Reporters vs. Bloggers

  17. OhmyNews, One-stop Marketplace of Eyeballs “Is there something else that flows through cyberspace, something that is scarce and desirable? There is. No one would put anything on the Internet without the hope of obtaining some. It's called attention. And the economy of attention - not information - is the natural economy of cyberspace.” -Excerpt from Attention Shoppers! By Michael H. Goldhaber

  18. OhmyNews, One-stop Marketplace of Eyeballs & Intermediary for tips News& Opinion Eyeballs & Money Bloggers Citizen Reporters News Audience

  19. Why Citizen Reporter Instead of Blogging? • A lot more eyeballs than blogging: plenty of views and readers’ comments guaranteed • Professional peer review by OhmyNews editors • Instant Fame: “Honey, I am on OhmyNews!” • Sense of solidarity and empowerment • Scarcity of “real estate” makes appearance on OhmyNews all the more valuable • Market mechanism: a thrill of competition to grab prized spots on the main page • Monetary rewards: fee from OhmyNews and tip from readers

  20. OhmyNews Editorial Process Citizen Reporters (37,000+) Essays & Columns Film & Book Reviews Media Criticism Screening by News Guerilla Desk Publication Publication Hard News Analysis Columns & Editorials Staff Reporters (48) Screening by Editorial Desk

  21. Story contributions by citizen reporters far outstrip those by staff reporters

  22. Stories flow in and they sparkle even more on weekends Ratio: No. of articles by Citizen reporters/Staff reporters

  23. Paradox of Conflicting Readers’ Demands A Sense of Editorial Control with Readers’ Participation Tricky Balancing Act The Beauty of Professionally-presented Editorial Control

  24. OhmyTV’s Coverage on the General Election in April Always-on nature of broadband access encourages readers to stay for hours, posting over 85,000 comments and chatting with each other during live web-casting.

  25. OhmyNews’ Coverage on the Anti-impeachment Protest in March

  26. OhmyNews’ Coverage on the Anti-impeachment Protest in March

  27. Marketplace for Tip hunters (if you are): “Thank you for the excellent writing, please take my money” Mobile phone Tipping Credit card Tipping

  28. Number of paying customers as of Feb. 17 Versioning of premium insider information tantalizes our readers to switch to paid subscription

  29. Income Sources

  30. Highly efficient news operations • Word of mouth self-promotion by citizen reporters: as potential bloggers join OhmyNews as citizen reporters they bring with them their own audience thus contributing to increase in web-traffic • Virtual newsroom: any place with Internet access transforms into a virtual office for OhmyNews staff where they report and edit the news remotely and collaboratively

  31. Why in Korea?

  32. Digital ‘Soft’ Index Source: MIC as of June 2004

  33. Digital ‘Soft’ Index Total Number of Internet Users (Unit: million) 32,730,000 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1997 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Source: MIC as of June 2004

  34. Digital “Soft” Index Broadband 6 5 E-Govt. E-biz 4 3 Korea 2 Japan 1 Netizen 0 Online Game USA Europe China VOD Mobile Internet Digital Music *Source: Asia Network Research by Institute for HyperNetwork Society

  35. Why Korea gravitated to the citizen reporter model • Negative public sentiment against near monopolistic dominance by three conservative, autocratic papers • Pent up demand for fair and independent news media • Over 75% broadband penetration; ideal for multimedia, always-on and interactive news service • 3.6 degrees of separation; small land size and closely networked society • Uni-polar society; the entire country can be engulfed by couple of issues in a matter of days • Politically active 20-somethings and “386 generation” (*Korean equivalent of “68 generation” in Europe) • High literacy rate (98%) and Hangul’s adaptability to computer systems

  36. The Next Step

  37. Citizen Anchors

  38. Oh my! News by Million Phonecams?

  39. and it goes global with…. OhmyNews tests its Citizen Reporter Model among Global Audience

  40. OhmyNews International Citizen Reporter Seminars in Brussels & Seoul

  41. Readers of OhmyNews International are globally distributed

  42. The Vision: a News media with thousands of citizen correspondents world-wide

  43. 50-50 Society: Are we there yet?

  44. *Supplements

  45. The Web enables Netizens to…. - Overcome geographical barriers - Find like-minded people - Connect with each other- Become core supporters Conservative Moderate Liberal

  46. Digital divide alongside age in Korea Print & TV News News makers & News sources Internet News News makers & News sources

  47. Hypersurface: cyber space and real space fuse together HYPERSURFACE Cyber space Real space

  48. South Korea: a densely populated economy with over 80% urbanization coupled with 75% broadband penetration, i.e. a Hypersurface,

  49. Information Saliency in Hypersurface

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