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Methods of Heat Production

Methods of Heat Production. Reflex heating Shoulder (proximal)  vasodilation Hand (distal)  vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation. Methods of Application. Wax Heated pads & packs Hydrotherapy Heated air Fluidotherapy Contrast bath. Wax. Restricted to extremities

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Methods of Heat Production

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  1. Methods of Heat Production

  2. Reflex heating • Shoulder (proximal)  vasodilation • Hand (distal)  vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation

  3. Methods of Application • Wax • Heated pads & packs • Hydrotherapy • Heated air • Fluidotherapy • Contrast bath

  4. Wax • Restricted to extremities • Melted to allow subject to dip in • Melting point 54°C (S.H. of wax<water) • Mineral oil added • Thermostatically controlled bath (42-50°C)

  5. Wax • First layer as insulator to prevent heat loss • Solidification of wax  small imparted to tissue • Wax is a well insulated, low temperature method of tissue heating • Higher temperature for upper extremities • Lower temperature for lower extremities • Before application inspect the area for contraindications, wash & dry

  6. Methods of Wax Application • Dip and rap method (used for extremities) • Part immersed for a second then withdrawn and allowed to cool for 2-3 seconds then re-immersed, & this is repeated 6 – 12 times • Coating 2 – 3 mm • Put the part in towel • Elevate the limb • Apply for 15 minutes

  7. Methods of Wax Application • Dip and leave method • Build a layer of wax • Leave the part in wax bath for 15 – 20 minutes • Increases the temperature more than other method

  8. Other Methods of Wax Application • A brush can be used • Bandage soaked in wax and wrapped • Ladling Wax keeps the skin moist and soft

  9. Contraindications • Open wounds • Allergy • Inflammation • Pieces of dirt  might cause infection • Skin condition like dermatitis

  10. Advantages • Maintain good contact with the contoured area • Easy to use • Inexpensive • Body part can be elevated if using dip & wrap • Oil lubricates and conditions the skin • Can be used at home

  11. Disadvantages • Time consuming to apply • Can not be used over open wounds • Risk of cross-contamination if paraffin is re-used

  12. Heated Pads & Packs • Provides heat for small areas Hydrocollated pads • Various sized for different areas of the body • Consist of silicate gel • Placed in special tank of water (hydrocollater)

  13. Heated Pads & Packs • Pack supported on racks in the tank • Temperature of water 70 - 75°C • Wrapped with toweling (Terry towel) • Applied for 20 minutes (15 – 20 minutes) • If the pack wasn’t in the tank before  put in the tank for 2 hours before using • Between uses  30 minutes in the tank

  14. Heated Pads & Packs • Other types: • Kenny pack • Mud pack • Electrical heated pack (small blanket size)

  15. Advantages of Heated Pads & Packs • Easy to use • Inexpensive material • Short use of clinician’s time • Low level of skill needed for application • Can be used to cover moderate to large areas • Safe • Can be used at home

  16. Disadvantages of Heated Pads & Packs • Must be moved during treatment time • May not be able to maintain good contact with small areas • Active motion not practical during treatment • Moderately expensive equipment

  17. Hydrotherapy • Use warm water for swimming and exercising  more therapeutic effect • Whirlpool path of various sizes • Small to accommodate one limb • Large to allow patient to sit in it • Turbulence produced by electric pump or compressed air which mixes air in water into a jet steam

  18. Hydrotherapy • Causes analgesic effect • Temperature 36 - 41°C • Anti-bacterial agent added to water (e.g. sodium hydrochloride 1-120 dilution) • Followed by exercise with elevation • Applied for 20 minutes • If applied for long time  cause wrinkling of the skin

  19. Heated Air • Mixture of air and vapor as hot air baths • Small hot air cabinets • Small hand held fan heaters (open wounds as bed sores) • Cabinet for whole body • Temperature of cabinet 70°C

  20. Advantages • Possible to move treated part during treatment • Lack of contact with wet materials

  21. Fluidotherapy • Form of dry heating • Produce fluid like mixture into which distal part of limb immersed in the box • Cellulose particles made of corn cobs • Open wounds must be covered to prevent powder covering • Temperature 38 – 45 °C • Application for 20 minutes

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