Alan Robock Department of Environmental Sciences Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA

1. Lecture 3, 9/12/13 Climate Dynamics11:670:461 Alan Robock Department of Environmental Sciences Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey USA robock@envsci.rutgers.edu http://envsci.rutgers.edu/~robock

2. (m) Fig. 2.3

3. Seasonal900 mb geopotential height (m) Fig. 2.4

4. Seasonal900 mb geopotential height (m) Fig. 2.4

5. Seasonal900 mb geopotential height (m) Fig. 2.4

6. (m) Fig. 2.3

7. Seasonal200 mb geopotential height (m) Fig. 2.5

8. Seasonal200 mb geopotential height (m) Fig. 2.5

9. Seasonal200 mb geopotential height (m) Fig. 2.5

10. Seasonal200 mb geopotential height (m) Fig. 2.5

11. Annual average 900 mb temperature. Interval 5 K. Fig. 2.6

12. Seasonal900 mb air temperature (K) Fig. 2.7

13. Seasonal900 mb air temperature (K) Fig. 2.7

14. Seasonal900 mb air temperature (K) Fig. 2.7

15. Seasonal900 mb air temperature (K) Fig. 2.7

16. Global, annual mean air temperature as function of height and pressure (The U.S. Standard Atmosphere) Fig. 2.8

17. p (mb) Seasonal, zonal meanair temperature (K) p (mb) Fig. 2.9

18. p (mb) Seasonal, zonal meanair temperature (K) Fig. 2.9

19. p (mb) Seasonal, zonal meanair temperature (K) Fig. 2.9

20. p (mb) Seasonal, zonal meanzonal wind (m/s) 0 p (mb) 0 Fig. 2.10

21. p (mb) Seasonal, zonal meanzonal wind (m/s) 0 0 0 p (mb) 0 0 0 Fig. 2.10 0

22. Fig. 2.10 Seasonal, zonal mean zonal wind (m/s) p (mb) 0 0 0

23. Fig. 2.10 Seasonal, zonal mean zonal wind (m/s) p (mb) 0 0 0 0

24. p (mb) Seasonal, zonal meanmeridional wind (m/s) p (mb) Fig. 2.11

25. p (mb) Seasonal, zonal meanvertical wind (cPa/s) (1 cPa = 0.01 Pa= 10-4 hPa = 10-4 mb) p (mb) Fig. 2.12

26. Seasonal 900 mb geopotential height (m) and winds (m/s) Arrow in lower right is equivalent to 15 m/s Darker shades are lower height, which is equivalent to lower pressure Fig. 2.13

27. Seasonal 200 mb geopotential height (m) and winds (m/s) Arrow in lower right is equivalent to 20 m/s Darker shades are lower height, which is equivalent to lower pressure Fig. 2.14

28. Fig. 2.14 Seasonal 200 mb geopotential height (m) and winds (m/s)

29. Fig. 2.14 Seasonal 200 mb geopotential height (m) and winds (m/s)

30. Annual mean sea surface temperature (SST) (K) Fig. 2.15

31. Ocean surface currents and mean SST (K) Fig. 2.22

32. DJF Seasonal sea surface temperature (K) JJA DJF minusJJA Fig. 2.16

33. 30 Depth (m) Annual mean ocean temperature (K) Fig. 2.17

34. Depth (m) Depth (m) Annual mean ocean temperature (K), latitude 0º Fig. 2.18

35. Units: psu g salt/kg H2O Fig. 2.19

36. Annual average ocean salinity and evapotranspiration minus precipitation Fig. 2.20

37. (180ºW) (30ºW) Depth (m) Annual mean ocean salinity (psu) Fig. 2.21

38. Ocean surface currents and mean SST (K) Fig. 2.22

39. The “conveyor belt” – the ocean thermohaline circulation Fig. 2.23a

40. 18 Cross sections of Atlantic Ocean temperature and salinity at 18ºW 18 Fig. 2.23bc

41. Sea ice extent climatology1979-2000 Fig. 2.34