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Nigeria

Nigeria . Ayoub , Logan, Seth, Rebekah. GDP. The GDP of Nigeria has risen significantly since 2000, more than quadrupling. Surprisingly, Oil makes up only 14% of Nigeria’s GDP; Agriculture makes up 40% while Services is 30% and Manufacturing 15%.

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Nigeria

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  1. Nigeria Ayoub, Logan, Seth, Rebekah

  2. GDP • The GDP of Nigeria has risen significantly since 2000, more than quadrupling. • Surprisingly, Oil makes up only 14% of Nigeria’s GDP; Agriculture makes up 40% while Services is 30% and Manufacturing 15%. AyoubOuederni Source: Nigerian National Bureau of Statistics

  3. GDP of Nigeria, 1960-2011 AyoubOuederni Source: World Bank

  4. GNI • Nigeria’s GNI has also increased significantly since 2000, more than doubling. • The average income in Nigeria is just $330 per year. • The vast majority of Nigerians live in extreme poverty - less than $1.25 a day. AyoubOuederni Source: Center for Global Development

  5. GNI of Nigeria, 1980-2011 AyoubOuederni Source: World Bank

  6. HDI • The HDI of Nigeria is among the lowest in the world. • Nigeria is ranked as 156/187, with a score of 0.459. • By comparison, Nigeria’s score is barely above that of Haiti’s, the country with the lowest score in the Americas. AyoubOuederni

  7. AyoubOuederni

  8. Policymaking Factions • Long periods of military rule have resulted in a very top-down power structure. • Senior gov’t officials are supported by a broad base of junior officials, referred to as the loyalty pyramid. • Policymakers’ interest is generally in themselves, or those who they owe favors to. For this reason, there aren’t very clear factions beyond cultures. Seth Millsap

  9. Policymaking Factions (cont.) • The last era of popular sovereignty in Nigeria was the communal basis of rule in the pre-Colonial period. • Policymaking “factions” are mostly rooted in prebendalism, so it’s more the individuals in power. Left: Babangida Right: Abacha Seth Millsap

  10. Foreign Relations in Nigeria • Nigeria participates in the: • Organization of African Unity (OAU), now the African Union • Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) • Non-Aligned Movement • Commonwealth • United Nations Seth Millsap

  11. Foreign Relations in Nigeria (cont.) • Nigeria has always tended to be at the head of Africa in terms of development. Upon gaining its own independence, Nigeria has assisted other nations in their liberation struggles. • Among Nigeria’s more startling international announcements has been its strong intent to equip itself with nuclear power and weapons of “unlimited scope”. Seth Millsap

  12. Foreign Relations in Nigeria (cont.) • While Nigeria supports the liberation of other African nations, this doesn’t necessarily mean it’s allied with them. Chad is such a nation. • Nigeria has particularly friendly relations with Ghana and Niger among African nations. It regularly works with the two countries. • Nigeria withdrew its Ambassador from Libya when Gaddafi suggested Nigeria’s division into separate Christian and Muslim states. Seth Millsap

  13. Foreign Relations in Nigeria (cont.) • Nigeria supplies 20% of India’s crude oil, and is India’s largest African trade partner. • Nigeria and Israel mutually have embassies in each other; Israel’s in Abuja and Nigeria’s in Tel Aviv. • Nigeria has close relations with Pakistan, described by the Defense Minister as like a “family tie”. Seth Millsap

  14. Foreign Relations in Nigeria (cont.) • Nigeria and China have been progressing their relations, and China has supported Nigeria’s bid as a member of the U.N. Security Council. • Nigeria has taken a special interest in Barbados, expressing high desires to establish close relations. The Governor of the state of Ogun has offered Barbadians free land if they move to Nigeria. Seth Millsap

  15. Foreign Relations in Nigeria (cont.) • Nigeria and Brasil have long shared strong relations by means of culture (many Afro-Brazilians trace ancestry to Nigeria) and commercial trade. • Canada has a high commission in Abuja and Nigeria has a high commission in Ottawa. • Greece has a large hand in transporting Nigeria’s oil and natural gas, and Nigerian-Greek trade leans in Greece’s favor. Seth Millsap

  16. Foreign Relations in Nigeria (cont.) • Russia and Nigeria have mutual embassies. • Nigeria and the U.K. have had lengthy relations since Nigeria’s independence in 1960, especially on the basis of Nigerians based in the U.K. • Nigeria had strenuous ties with the U.S. for some time, but took a strong stance against terrorism after the 9/11 bombings. Nigeria has also played a major role in forging an anti-terrorism consensus among states in Sub-Saharan Africa. Seth Millsap

  17. Foreign Relations in Nigeria (cont.) • The Nigerian ambassador to the United States is AdebowaleAdefuye, a former history professor. He is highly regarded among the Nigerian people. • Article! Seth Millsap

  18. Population Issues Rebekah Kim Rebekah Kim

  19. Nigeria is the world’s sixth most populous nation with 167 million people • Most parents are on the lower social level. • Parents are often unemployed and no longer able to care for their children, nor control them and raise them to become law-abiding citizens. Rebekah Kim

  20. Ms. Rosenthal: ‘..whole families squeeze into 7 by 11 feet rooms along a narrow corridor. Up to 50 people share a kitchen, toilet and sink, though the pipes in the neighborhood often no longer carry water’ (unsanitary) ‘In Ketu, Nigeria, a newborn boy is attended to by the light of cellphones; the power having gone out.’ (not enough electricity to go around) ‘at Alapere Primary School, more than 100 students cram into most classrooms, two to a desk.’ (not enough resources to go around) Rebekah Kim

  21. Even President Dr. GoodluckJonathan was dissatisfied with the growth from 140 million to 167 million since 2006 (UNFPA). • Food insecurity is, for individuals as for nations, the most serious form of insecurity. • A shortage of the basic necessities of life (employment, food, education…etc) causes social unrest and threatens peace and stability. Rebekah Kim

  22. Why Nigerians think Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_xB6DeUxCrg Rebekah Kim

  23. Environmental Issues • There has been a 10% depletion in the mangrove forests due to human impact • The mismanagement of oil rigs by Shell has also led to the degradation of these forests • Loss of forests is obviously harmful to plants and animals, but causes issues for the people indigenous to the Niger Delta area. These mangroves are a huge source of wood. • The forests are also home to endangered species such as the manatee • The government established the Niger Delta Development Commission in 2000 • There has been little support for the group since and loss continues to happen Logan McCloy

  24. Environmental Issues • Another environmental issue in the Niger Delta is fishing depletion • Fish are a major source of protein for the people all over Nigeria • As the demand for fish increases so does the fishing and the population is decreasing rapidly • Climate change, habitat loss, and pollution have also led to the decrease in fish population Logan McCloy

  25. Environmental Issue • The biggest environmental issue in Nigeria is oil spills • Nigeria has the highest number of oil spills among oil producing countries with no penalty for those who cause the spill • There is an average .7 to 1.7 million tonnes of oil spilled into oceans and river per year in nigeria • Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC), spilled in excess of 26,411 barrels of oil in 13-month period, January 2012 to January 2013 Logan McCloy

  26. Energy • Nigeria produces 2553.4 thousands of barrels per day which ranks 12th in the world • They consume 240 thousand barrels per day which ranks 49th in the world • They produce 1107 billion cubic feet of natural gas in 2011 58% oil, 34 % natural gas, and 8% hydro • They used 25 billion kilowatt hours of electricity in 2010 which ranks 71st in the world Logan McCloy

  27. Energy • Nigeria has a target of 7% renewable energy by 2025 • Nigeria uses 8% of hydro energy, but other than that there are very few forms of alternative energy • They have tried to use solar energy, but like many countries throughout the world have been unsuccessful in effective as well as efficient use Logan McCloy

  28. Oil Thieves • One of the biggest problems Nigeria is currently facing are oil thieves • Some thieves say the government has left them no choice and they must do it to make money • 2,000 suspects had been arrested and 4,000 refineries, 30,000 drums of products and hundreds of bunkering boats destroyed in 2012. • Thieves often tap unguarded pipelines in broad daylight, hacking into them and connecting a hose to pump the oil onto a barge • The majority of oil is shipped out of Nigeria with 10% refined locally • Nigeria is losing up to $1 billion a month due to oil thieves • The thieves also adversely affect the environment with their less than cautious techniques • Oil theft has also led to an increase in violence over the past several years Logan McCloy

  29. Illegal Oil Refinery Logan McCloy

  30. Nigeria: The Niger Delta Crisis: The Political, Economic and Environmental Conundrum • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mIYf43vtI-g Rebekah Kim

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