Diversity of Plant and Animal Life

1. Diversity of Plant and Animal Life Diversity of Plant and Animal Life

2. With an amazing diversity of more than 2 million kinds of organisms, there is a need for CLASSIFICATION.

3. Classificationallows us to… • group living organisms systematically according to their common characteristics; • recognise relationships between different living organisms; and • have an easy reference in identifying living organisms.

4. Kingdom Monera Kingdom Protoctista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Plantae Organisms are classified into FIVE KINGDOMS

5. Kingdom Animalia Invertebrates (with no backbone) Vertebrates (with backbone) • Fish • Reptiles • Birds • Amphibians • Mammals • Without jointed legs • With jointed legs

6. Sponges Stinging-cell animals Flatworms Roundworms • Large numbers of pores present on bodies • Sea animals with tentacles and stinging cells • Have flat, ribbon-like bodies • Parasites • Have long, cylindrical bodies with pointed ends • Many are parasites • E.g. sponges • E.g. jellyfish • E.g. tapeworms, liverflukes • E.g. pinworms, ascaris Invertebrates • Animals without jointed legs • Animals without jointed legs Sponges Stinging-cell animals Flatworms Roundworms • Large numbers of pores present on bodies • Sea animals with tentacles and stinging cells • Have flat, ribbon-like bodies • Parasites • Have long, cylindrical bodies with pointed ends • Many are parasites • E.g. sponges • E.g. jellyfish • E.g. tapeworms, liverflukes • E.g. pinworms, ascaris

7. Segmented worms Molluscs (shelled animals) Spiny-skinned animals • Bodies are divided into segments or parts • Found in a variety of environments • Soft bodies may be covered by a shell • Use muscular movement • Bodies are radially symmetrical with five-part body design • Found only in oceans • Move with tube feet • E.g. earthworms, leeches • E.g. snails, octopuses • E.g. starfish, basket stars Invertebrates • Animals without jointed legs

8. With 3 pairs of legs (insects) With four pairs of legs (arachnids) With more than four pairs of legs • Bodies are divided into segments or parts • Bodies are covered with a exoskeleton (a hard substance that keeps the shape of the animals) • E.g. butterflies, beetles, termites, houseflies • E.g. spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks • E.g. millipedes, centipedes, prawns, crabs Invertebrates • ) • Animals with jointed legs (Arthropods)

9. Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals • Cold-blooded • Bodies are often covered by scales • Breathe using gills • Live in fresh water or sea water • Cold-blooded • Bodies are covered by moist skin with no scales • Breathe through lungs • Live partly on land and in water • Cold-blooded • Bodies are covered with dry skin, and covered with horny scales • Breathe through lungs • Live on land • Warm-blooded • Have beaks and feathers • Have wings but not all can fly • Breathe through lungs • Lay eggs with shells • Warm-blooded • Bodies are covered with hair • Breathe through lungs • Most give birth to live young • E.g. groupers, sea dragons, stingrays • E.g. toads, salamanders, frogs • E.g. monitor lizards, crocodiles, tortoises • E.g. ducks, chickens, penguins • E.g. human beings, cats, chimpanzees Vertebrates

10. Flowering plants Non-flowering plants Kingdom Plantae

11. Flowering plants • Have roots, stems and leaves • Reproduce by seeds • Produce seed-bearing fruits

12. Mosses and liverworts Ferns Gymnosperms • Have no true roots, stems or leaves • Reproduce by spores • Spores are found in capsules • Have roots, stems and leaves • Reproduce by spores • Spores are found on the underside of leaves • Have roots, stems and leaves (needle-like) • Reproduce by seeds • Seeds are not found in fruits, by in cones • E.g. Red moss, Leucobryum glaoum, Diphyscium foliosum • E.g. Stag’s horn fern, Bird’s nest fern • E.g. pine, white spruce Non-flowering plants

13. Dichotomous Key • Classifies objects or organisms based on observable features • Splits a group into two contrasting groups each time it branches out • Can be used to identify organisms

14. Miscellaneous • http://www.101science.com/Taxonomy.htm • http://www.nbrcnparks.org/ • http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/