Sustainable Energy “Technologies of the Future” Michael Idelchik Vice President Advanced Technology

1. GE Global Research Sustainable Energy “Technologies of the Future” Michael Idelchik Vice President Advanced Technology

2. Energy technology objectives Diverse Efficient nuclear coal gas wind oil geothermal biomass hydro solar + Emissions Reliability Efficiency Driving cost of electricity down Future power systems more diverse, automated and integrated

3. Today 2020 SCPC/Oil Boiler & ST XSCPC Boiler & ST Gas (Recip,ACC) Gas (SC,CC, Recip) Nuclear(&Gen-IV) Nuclear Gasification (& Bio) Gasification Wind(Multi-MW) Wind Solar PV(Thin Films, Gen3) Solar PV (Si) Solar Thermal Energy Storage ? A future ripe with opportunities 1970 Coal/Oil Boiler & ST Gas (SCGT) Nuclear How will the winning portfolio evolve?

4. Cleaner coal IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) • Converts coal to synthesis gas … cleaned prior to burning • Carbon capture and sequestration ready • Driving industry, regulatory change for coal … need carbon policy • R&D focus: • Reduce plant costs, increase efficiency • Enable cost-competitive CO2 capture solution Electricity Transmission & Distribution Gasifier Steam Turbine Sulfur Removal Future CO2Capture HRSG Gas Turbine Mercury Removal Particulate Removal RadiantSyngas Cooler

5. Combined cycle with supersonic heat release technology Fill Initiation Purge Detonation Propagation 64% Blowdown/ Expansion 62% CC Efficiency 60% • Pressure increase during combustion • Less cooling air required • Unsteady flow into turbine 58% 56% 10 15 20 25 30 Compressor PR Game-changer for efficiency

6. Superhydrophobic coatings Condensers Steam Turbines Compressors Higher heat transfer Smaller size Droplet shedding Moisture control Anti-fouling Improved water wash Game-changer for efficiency

7. Solar photovoltaic • Thin film cells • Low cost solar grade Si • High efficiency cells • Generation III technologies • Inverter & systems Targeting 15¢/kWh at the meter by 2015

8. Concentrated solar thermal • Detailed evaluation of solar components and power block integration • Applicable with steam and gas turbines • Storage and hybridization are unique elements to leverage • Well-positioned for peak demand sector, RPS, and CO2 credits Evaluating opportunities

9. Technology for 1.5–5 MW wind turbines Next-generation blade • 5% pts efficiency improvement • 3 dB quieter • Improved capacity factor at high wind Next-generation drive train >0.5 pt efficiency improvement >20% weight reduction >20% cost reduction Wind penetration could reach 20% worldwide by 2030

10. Energy recovery from waste heat Large GT Geothermal Industrial Jenbacher & Gas Turbines Solar 100°C 200°C 300°C 400°C 500°C 600°C Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) Conventional Steam Cycles Jenbacher Engines Gas Turbine • Increase efficiency by 5% pts • Potential 50+% efficient engine • Adds 20% power to MD/SC apps • Significant retrofit opportunity Industrial Waste Heat Geothermal & Solar • 900+ T BTU heat wasted (210-400°F)* • $6B/yr energy wastes* • 100 GW geothermal potential (MIT)* • 200 GW solar potential* Efficiency & power and … retrofits (* US only)

11. Intelligent grid Distributed Generation Integration Wide-Area Awareness & Protection High-penetration Renewables Distribution Automation Demand Side Management Meters & Demand-Side Management Power Generation Generation Switchyard Transmission Substation Distribution Substation EndUser Common Information Backbone • More performance from capacity-constrained infrastructure • Improve grid operability, stability and robustness

12. baseload renewables? Energy storage Application Power Level 1 kW 10 kW 100 kW 1 MW 10 MW 15 min UPS Load Ramping 30 min Frequency Reg & Wind/PV Firming Application Duration 1 hr Grid Utility Regional Utility 5 hrs • Storage enables huge renewables penetration • Fundamental change in peak/mid/base markets GEMx battery technology is scalable

13. Cryogenic ASU NaturalGas O2 Membranes CO2 Solvents CO2 Solvents CO2 Membranes & EGR (NGCC) Coal H2, CO2 Membranes CO2 capture • First generation capture technologies still too expensive • Membranes could play a key role in meeting cost targets IGCC has an entitlement advantage

14. Sequestration of CO2 • Saline formations - layers of porous rock saturated with brine • Contain minerals that can react with injected CO2 to form solid carbonates • Estimated 120+ year capacity • Leverages 30 years of EOR experience Target CostCapture ($20) + transport ($5) + sequester ($5) = $30/ton Source: DOE

15. Liquid fuel alternatives Economics Key Features ($/MMBTU) 18 17 Hydrocarbons may be preferred over ethanol Gasification enables more flexibility & efficiency in feedstocks Biomass co-firing gives option for “lower CO2” electricity 15.7 15.5 FeedStock CTax O&M CAPEX Biomass Coal Cellulosic Starch Gasification Fermentation Oil @ $65/bbl=15 $/MMBTU fuel Gasification ideal path to “greener hydrocarbons”

16. Looking ahead … • Game-changing technologies coming • World energy portfolio will become more diverse, automated and integrated • New opportunities and business models will result … and the future is closer than we think