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WWI Consumes Europe

WWI Consumes Europe. Assassination in Sarajevo. Austria Hungary blamed Serbia for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand A/H gave Serbia an Ultimatum—final set of demands A/H wanted to end all nationalist activities in Serbia. Alliance System Collapses.

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WWI Consumes Europe

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  1. WWI Consumes Europe

  2. Assassination in Sarajevo • Austria Hungary blamed Serbia for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand • A/H gave Serbia an Ultimatum—final set of demands • A/H wanted to end all nationalist activities in Serbia

  3. Alliance System Collapses • Serbia agreed to most of the demands, but not all • July 28, 1914 — A/H declared war on Serbia • Russia mobilized troops – allies with Serbia • Germany – allies with Austria-Hungary - responds to Russian troop mobilization & declares war with Russia

  4. (Aug 3) Germany also declares war on France because France is allied with Russia • Two Front War • Eastern Front • Russia vs. Germany and A/H • Western Front • France vs. Germany and A/H

  5. Schlieffen Plan • German plan • German Army would defeat France first and then return to fight Russia in the East • This required going through Belgium (illegal - Neutral Country) • England was allied with Belgium • England declares war on Germany (Aug 4, 1914)

  6. Phase I of the Schlieffen Plan – Germany to Attack France through Belgium (neutral)

  7. Central Powers Germany A/H Bulgaria Ottoman Empire Allied Powers England Russia / Serbia France Italy Japan 1917 - USA European Nations Take Sides

  8. Neutral • Albania • Spain • Denmark • Sweden • Netherlands • Switzerland • USA (Until 1917)

  9. By October 1914 – Stalemate on Western Front • Neither side victorious • Battle of the Marne (Sept 1914) • Allied attack on Germans in Marne Valley N/E of Paris • Germans driven back • Schlieffen Plan had failed to prevent Germany from fighting a 2-front war – German generals fear the worst • Russia had invaded Germany from the East

  10. Eastern Front – Russia attacks • Area from Baltic Sea to Black Sea • Russians and Serbs vs. Germans, A/H, and Turks • Russia was not industrialized – no modern military technology • Russian Soldiers lacked essential supplies; Russia did not have enough RR to move troops quickly • However, Russia had more manpower than the Central Powers

  11. Eastern Front – WWI

  12. Trench Warfare (Early 1915) • On Western Front • Armies from both sides dug miles of parallel trenches to protect themselves from enemy fire • Stretched 500 miles from North Sea to Swiss Border • DRAW trench system in your notes • No Man’s Land • Barbed Wire

  13. “Over the top” after a shot of vodka

  14. New Weaponry • Poison Gas • Tanks • Machine Guns • Aircraft (used mainly for spying first) • Larger Artillery

  15. Tanks

  16. Machine Guns

  17. Poison Gas

  18. Large Artillery

  19. Flamethrowers

  20. Airplanes

  21. Submarines -- German U-boat

  22. 1915-1916 • Soldier death rates increase • Battle of Verdun 1916 — 300,000 French and German Deaths • Germans gained about 4 miles • Battle of the Somme — 1916 — 500,000 French and German Deaths • Allied troops gained about 5 miles

  23. Shell Shock – post traumatic stress disorder from trench bombardments

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