Speak up for Languages

1. Speak up for Languages Gaelle Berg, Minneapolis Public Schools Ursula Lentz, CARLA MCTLC Presentation, October 9, 2007

2. Speak Up For Languages Why All Kids Need To Learn Other Languages

3. Speak Up For Languages “Things don't just happen. They are made to happen.” John F. Kennedy

4. Speak Up For Languages "The transformation of personal power comes with the exercise of some quite simple and accessible political processes and leads to ultimate self-determination in the world around us." - Samuel Halperin

5. Common Questions: • Doesn’t everyone in the world speak English? • Why can’t I say a word after two years of study? • Don’t we need to focus on reading, writing, math and science? • How will learning a second language affect children’s English language and literacy development? • Can we afford to add another thing to the curriculum?

6. Why all kids need to learn languages • “Our successful participation in the global economy requires competency not just in math, science, and literacy, but also proficiency in foreign languages and intercultural competency in order to communicate across borders with potential friends and form partnerships.” • Committee for Economic Development, 2006

7. 6* *Number of fluent Arabic speakers in the US Embassy in Iraq. *Source: The Iraq Study Group Report: The Way Forward – A New Approach, page. 92.

8. “It’s hard to represent America’s interests abroad when we can’t speak the language. While the US has a number of programs that are ideally suited to increasing American’s foreign language competency –Fulbright-Hays, the National Security Education Program, the Foreign Language Assistance Program, and Title VI of the Higher Education Act—federal support for them has lagged for years. Increased investment in these programs today will yield big and lasting dividends.” -American Council on Education SOLUTIONSFOROURFUTURE.org

9. Doesn’t everyone else speak English? • Only 9% of American adults say they are fluent in at least one other language. • Compared to 50% of Europeans who say they are fluent in at least one other language than their mother tongues.

10. Doesn’t everyone else speak English? The old joke : Someone who speaks three languages is trilingual. Someone who speaks two languages is bilingual. Someone who speaks only one language is American.

11. Doesn’t everyone else speak English? • The average number of languages spoken by American business executives is 1.5, compared with an average of 3.9 languages spoken by business executives in the Netherlands. • Only about 25% of Americans have passports.

12. Doesn’t everyone else speak English? The world is very diverse: “If we could shrink the Earth’s population to a village of precisely 100 people, with all existing human ratios remaining the same, it would look like this:

13. Just how diverse? There would be - 57 Asians - 21 Europeans - 14 North and South Americans - 8 Africans - 70 would be non-white, 30 white. - 70 would be non-Christian, 30 Christian

14. Global Village • Fifty percent of the wealth of the entire world would be in the hands of only 6 people – all six would be citizens of the United States.

15. Global Village • Seventy would be unable to read. • Fifty would suffer from malnutrition. • Eighty would live in substandard housing. • Only one person would have a college education.

16. When one considers our world from such an incredibly compressed perspective, the need for tolerance and understanding become glaringly apparent.” (Reprinted with permission from First Guaranty Bank and Trust)

17. Why all kids need to learn languages • “The day has long past when a citizen could afford to be uninformed about the rest of the world and American’s place in that world. CED therefore believe it is critical to ensure that all students become globally competent citizens who will lead our country in the twenty-first century.” • Council for Economic Development, 2006

18. “Education reform forces meant to hold states accountable for student achievement in reading, math, and science are encouraging schools to devote more time to those subjects and effectively narrowing schools curricula. Many schools do not give all children the opportunity to learn languages or international topics. While it is important to master these subjects, schools must move beyond them if their students are to be prepared for a global society.” – CED, 2006

19. Why all kids need to learn languages • The 2007 Phi Delta Kappa / Gallup Poll of the Public’s Attitudes Toward the Public Schools highlights the public’s interest and concerns in five areas: • NCLB • Testing • Special Needs • Globalization

20. Why all kids need to learn languages • In the area of Globalization, the PDK/Gallup Poll 2007 reveals: • Nearly 6 in 10 Americans think that students need to spend more time learning about other nations and cultures • Nearly 9 in 10 Americans believe that all children should become proficient in a second language in addition to English • 7 in 10 believe that foreign language instruction should begin in elementary schools

21. How do we prepare students to be inter-culturally competent? • Students need to not only compete with but collaborate with people from around our world - our global community.

22. “Learning world languages prepares students for global understanding and living in a multicultural, multilingual world. Study of and through another language provides essential communication skills and enhances learning through improved cognitive development, transferable reading skills, reinforcement of other subject areas, cultural literacy, sensitivity, and tolerance for diversity.” • Joint National Committee for Languages, 2007

23. Where do we stand in Minnesota? • In the nation and in Minnesota • approximately one-fourth of seventh to twelfth grade students study a foreign language it comes out to about 24%) • fewer than one-in ten college students enroll in a foreign language class. • 78% of enrollment are in introductory level courses.

24. Where do we stand? • 40% of students say they are taking languages to meet the college entrance requirement of two years of a language in high school. • While many students take more language, enrollment drops dramatically after the introductory courses – in both HS and colleges. • Two years of language amounts to about 300 hours of instruction, which is woefully inadequate to develop an usable level of proficiency

25. Where do we stand? • In a Washington Post poll, adults responded to the question “What subject do you wish you had taken more of in high school?” • The answer “more foreign language” was second only to “more math”.

26. Why can’t I say a word after two years of language study? • Shift of focus from: • Knowing about the language • Academic context • To: • What learners know and can do with the language • Real-life scenarios

27. Best Practices • Not their parents’ language class • National Standards for Language Learning in 21st Century focus on three modes of communication within an authentic context.

28. Accountability/Assessment at the Core

30. Describing levels • Intermediate-Low is considered the level at which learners can create with language. • Requires three, generally four years of continuing language study • “Come early and stay late” for higher levels of proficiency.

31. Proficiency levels needed in the Work World

32. Proficiency levels needed in the Work World

33. How do we improve what has come to be called the “cultural illiteracy of a majority of U.S. students and give them a global vision?

34. Start language learning early • Begin to learn early in grade school. Longer study = more proficiency. • At middle or high school, students can continue learning the same language or change to another of interest. Learning a language builds language learning abilities and makes it easier to learn additional languages!

35. Start language learning early • Elementary programs are key • to developing students’ second language acquisition ability; • to fostering positive, receptive attitudes about language and culture. • “Without long-sequences (5-6 years) of language study, success on AP exams in world languages remain possible for only an elite, select group of our student population.” -The College Board , 2005 White Paper

36. Don’t we need to focus reading, writing, math and science? • Languages impact academic achievement • Research in Louisiana shows 2nd grade students learning a language scored higher on state tests when adjusted for all including socioeconomic variables Taylor-Ward, C. (2003 ). The Relationship between Elementary School Foreign Language Study in Grades Three through Five and Academic Achievement on the Iowa tests of Basic Skills (ITBS) and the Fourth-grade Louisiana Educational Assessment Program for the 21st Century (LEAP 21) Test

37. http://nnell.org/nnellresourcesadvocacypkt.htm Languagesimpact academic achievement Elementary students studying languages outperformed those who did not study languages: • Outperformed on language arts and math tests, regardless of race , gender, or academic level • Lower socioeconomic students performed just as well • Outperformed non-language students on every subtest of state assessment

38. ACT Scores: National 2007 composite 21.2 Career and course aspirations • Foreign Languages: 23.6 • Engineering: 22.7 • Letters: 24.5 • Sciences: 23.7 Source: http://www.act.org/news/data/07/data.html

39. ACT Scores: Minnesota 2007 ACT composite scores of students with educational or career interest in: • Foreign languages 24.0 • Engineering 24.5 • Letters 25.3 • Sciences 24.9 Source: http://www.act.org/news/data/07/data.html

40. SAT: National • Four or more years of language study raised SAT scores • Average - Critical Reading: 502 Math: 515 • Students with 4+ years of: • Sciences - Critical R: 550 Math: 580 • Foreign Language - Critical R: 565 Math: 579 • Art & Music - Critical R: 534 Math: 541 • Math - Critical R: 542 Math: 581

41. SAT: Minnesota • Average - Critical Reading: 596 Math: 603 • Students with 4+ years of: • Sciences - Critical R: 614 Math: 646 • Foreign Language - Critical R: 617 Math: 622 • Art & Music - Critical R: 614 Math:610 • Math - Critical R: 614 Math: 646

42. Languages impact academic achievement • Take as much language as possible in high school. Selective colleges recommend 3- 4 of world language study. • Talk to HS counselors about how to fit four years of language into the HS schedule. • Students who studied another language for four years in high school perform better on on college placement tests and can earn college credits.

43. Can We Afford to Add One More Thing to the curriculum? Can we afford not to?

44. Languages add value to our diplomacy • Through the learning of other languages, students open a window to the world • Learn a new way of thinking • See the world with a new set of eyes • Open their minds

45. Languages add value to our diplomacy • How can we teach more languages to more students at more levels so that they are as at home in countries around the world as they are in their own neighborhoods?

46. Languages add value to our diplomacy • We have an obligation to empower others with the gift of languages • Build respect and break the cycle of fear and ignorance • Build hope for the future so that our children can enjoy a more tolerant , enriched, and respectful world of tomorrow

47. Sen. Hagel (NE) and Sen. Feingold (WI)(S. Res. 104 – 2005) • Participate in exchanges • Study or volunteer abroad • Work with immigrants or refugees • Host foreign students • Participate in sister-city programs • Learn a world language

48. A Call to Action for National Foreign Language Capabilities: • Build language and cultural understanding capability; • Develop language and cultural competency; • Develop language skills in a wide range of critical languages

49. A Call to Action for National Foreign Language Capabilities: • Strengthen programs and tools in foreign languages and cultures; and • Integrate language training into career fields and increase the number of language professionals. www.nlconference.org click on “Papers”; then “White Paper

50. US Defense Department: Defense Language Transformation Roadmap • For officers and for enlisted ranks • Identify language assets • Recognize need for understanding of other cultures www.languagepolicy.org/dodlangroadmap.pdf