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Facilitator: Genevieve Gorrell g.gorrell@sheffield.ac.uk

Facilitator: Genevieve Gorrell g.gorrell@sheffield.ac.uk. Research Integrity & Ethics Training (RIET) for Engineering Faculty Postgraduate Research (PGR) Students. Summary of the Course. Opening lecture; 3 discussion-based seminars; Monday February 13th from 10am to 12pm

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Facilitator: Genevieve Gorrell g.gorrell@sheffield.ac.uk

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  1. Facilitator: Genevieve Gorrell g.gorrell@sheffield.ac.uk Research Integrity & Ethics Training (RIET)for Engineering Faculty Postgraduate Research (PGR) Students

  2. Summary of the Course • Opening lecture; • 3 discussion-based seminars; • Monday February 13th from 10am to 12pm • Monday March 5th from 10am to 12pm • Monday April 2nd from 10am to 12pm • There will be a final seminar (Faculty of Engineering RIET Day) with all departments; • Then you will complete the assessment form.

  3. About the Course • Ethics are a personal choice, and so this course is not about teaching ethics! • It is about developing our viewpoint through debating with others—so we can become “thoughtful practicioners”. • So this is not a taught course—I am here to facilitate only. • You must research and debate the topics yourself. • (That said, I will give a couple of slides today to try to help things along a bit!)

  4. Why Behave Ethically? • People's perspectives on ethics vary, e.g. • Utilitarian—the greatest good for the greatest number • Human Rights—everyone is entitled to certain privileges • Justice and fairness • Personal virtue—it benefits the individual to develop their integrity • Religious dictates—the will of God. • Reasons for behaving ethically affect a person's perception of what is the right thing to do.

  5. Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development • Kohlberg postulates that morality falls into identifiable developmental stages • Level 1—Pre-Conventional • 1—How can I avoid punishment • 2—Self-interest—what's in it for me? • Level 2—Conventional • 3—I should conform to expectations • 4—Others should conform to expectations • Level 3—Post-Conventional • 5—Social contract—the system is there to serve us • 6—Universal ethical principles—e.g. inner drive to treat others well, ethics grounded in compassion

  6. Kohlberg—Illustrative example • It's not what you do but why you do it • “Should I report false results in my thesis?” • Stage 1--“No because I might get caught” • Stage 2--”Yes because then I will pass” • Stage 3--”No because that would mean I am bad” • Stage 4--”No because it is against the rules” • Stage 5--”No because other people have a right to expect the truth in scientific publications” or “yes because I deserve to pass and this is only a small thing.” • Stage 6--”No because truth is integral to science”

  7. Seminar 1 • In the first seminar we discussed a variety of ethical dilemmas • Use of personal data without consent • Data may be publicly available—does that make it okay to use it? • Data may be used for scientific advance—does that make it okay to use it? • However, authorities may abuse the technology in the form of a police state • Misuse of scientific findings—to what extent are we responsible for how our work is used? • For example, media frequently misrepresent findings to create sensational stories or in order to simplify • This can cause damaging results

  8. Seminar 2 • In this seminar, we will form work groups to prepare topics in more depth • In the third seminar we will give presentations of our topics • A group will be chosen to represent us at the RIET day • At the RIET day, the chosen group will present their topic

  9. Let’s Introduce Ourselves • What is your name? • What do you work on? • What do you hope to get out of the course? • What ideas do you have about a topic you might like to focus on?

  10. In this Session • We will split into groups who want to work on similar topic areas • Each group should define the central question of their topic choice • E.g. “should the department accept military funding?” • Discuss the salient aspects and possible viewpoints for the topic for the rest of the session. Take notes! • At the end of the session we will report back on our topic choices and how the discussion went.

  11. Some Points to Consider • What is the central question in the topic? • What are the relevant aspects? • Argue both sides of the case • For each side of the case, who is hurt by it? • In what way might different moral standpoints dictate a different response? • In what way might different circumstances dictate a different response?

  12. Seminar 3 • Each group should prepare a 20 minute presentation of their topic for Seminar 3 • Each group will take a turn to present and the rest of the group will comment on their presentation • A group will then be chosen to present a 10 minute version of their presentation at the RIET day

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