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Echinoderms and chordates

Echinoderms and chordates. Announcements. *There will be a quiz next lab period *Assignment for this lab include pages 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 100, 101. Group project. -Choose your group (usually 4) -Start to out-line (Project proposal-worth 5 points)

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Echinoderms and chordates

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  1. Echinoderms and chordates

  2. Announcements *There will be a quiz next lab period *Assignment for this lab include pages 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 100, 101.

  3. Group project -Choose your group (usually 4) -Start to out-line (Project proposal-worth 5 points) 1-Hypothesis or question you want to ask with some back groud informations and justification 2-How you are going to test this hypothesis or solve this question (number of samples, type of data) 3-What kind of statistical analysis you will perform 4-The oral presentation must be in powerpoint format

  4. This lab • Why they are grouped together • Different Echinoderms • Different Chordates • Dissecting two distantly related chordates

  5. Echinoderms and chordates * They are grouped together b/c 1- they are metazoans 2-deuterostome mode of development 3-enterocoelom out-pocketing of the gut into mesoderm layer

  6. Echinoderms 1-exclusively marine 2-internal skeleton (calcareous with protruding spines on the surface…spiny skin) 3-coelomic cavity forms a water-vascular system 4-tube feet (extension of coelomic canals with suction pads) 5-radial symmetry 6-male & female 7-gas exchange through body wall or tube feet. 8-ciliated larvae

  7. Echinoderms 1-Crinoidea (feather star) -primitive -filter feeders -feathery arms 2-Asteroidea(sea stars) - 5 arms or more -carnivores 3-Ophiuroidea(brittle star) -long arms (snake stars) -more mobile by crawling

  8. Echinoderms 4-Echinoidea(sea urchins) -covered with spines -no arms -solid skeletal encasement -scraping teeth (feed on algae) 5-Holothuroidea(sea cucumbers) -no arms -few calcareous plates -no spines -body elongated

  9. Chordates 1- gills slits 2-notochord 3-dorsal hollow nerve tube 4-post-anal tail 4-metamerism (segmentally arranged blocks of muscles) 5-bilateral symmetry The world is numerically dominated by invertebrates and microorganisms

  10. Chordates 1-Urochordata or tunicates(sea squirts) -show the derived character only during larval stage -notochord& metamerism are in the tail 2-Cephalochordata(amphioxus) -adults show the derived characters -notochord extend to the head 3-Vertebrata a-Fish… paraphyletic group contain 5 classes b-class Amphibians(frogs) -tetrapod -lungs

  11. Chordates C- class Reptilia… paraphyletic group of 5 differentiated based on the presence or absence of openings in the temporal bone D-class Aves E-class Mammalia -mammary gland -4 chambered heart -synapsid skull -variable teeth -complete diaphragm -endothermy -large brain P.s. the ancestor of the last 3 classes share 1-shelled eggs or viviparity 2-amniotic egg

  12. Class Mammalia 1-order Carnivora (cat) 2-order Perissodactyla (horse) 3-order Artiodactyla (cow) 4-order Cetacea (dolphins) 5-order Rodentia (rat and mice) 6-order primates (human)

  13. Anatomy of the fore-limb in horse and human 1-Scapula 2-Humerus 3-Radius and Ulna 4-Carpus 5-Metacarpus 6-Phalanges

  14. What should I do now 1- dissect frog and/or rat 2-demo 3-answer the questions 4-ask if there is uncertainty

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