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14 Descriptive Statistics

14 Descriptive Statistics. CONCLUSION. Themes of Chapter 14.

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14 Descriptive Statistics

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  1. 14 Descriptive Statistics CONCLUSION

  2. Themes of Chapter 14 Whether we like it or not, as we navigate through life in the information age, we areawash in a sea of data. Today, data are the common currency of scientific, social,and economic discourse. Powerful satellites constantly scan our planet, collectingprodigious amounts of weather, geological, and geographical data. Governmentagencies, such as the Bureau of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, collect millions of numbers a year about our living, working, spending, and dyinghabits.

  3. Themes of Chapter 14 Even in our less serious pursuits, such as sports, we are flooded with data,not all of it great. Faced with the common problem of data overload, statisticians and scientistshave devised many ingenious ways to organize, display, and summarize largeamounts of data.In this chapter we discussed some of the basic concepts in this areaof statistics.

  4. Themes of Chapter 14 Graphical summaries of data can be produced by bar graphs, pictograms, piecharts, histograms, and so on. (There are many other types of graphical descriptionsthat we did not discuss in the chapter.) The kind of graph that is the most appropriatefor a situation depends on many factors,and creating a good “picture” of a data set isas much an art as a science.

  5. Themes of Chapter 14 Numerical summaries of data, when properly used, help us understand theoverall pattern of a data set without getting bogged down inthe details. They fall into two categories:(1) measures of location, such as the average, the median, and the quartiles, and (2)measures of spread, such as the range, the interquartile range,and the standard deviation.

  6. Themes of Chapter 14 Sometimes we even combine numerical summaries and graphical displays, as in the case of thebox plot. We touched upon all of these in this chapter ,but thesubject is a big one, and by necessity we only scratched the surface.

  7. Themes of Chapter 14 In this day and age, we are all consumers of data, and at one time or another, weare likely to be providers of data as well. Thus, understanding the basics of how dataare organized and summarized has become an essential requirement for personal success and good citizenship.

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