Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 11 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida

1. Biology 323 Human Anatomy for Biology Majors Lecture 11 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Peripheral Circulation

2. Structures of the Splanchnopleure: receive unpaired vessels of the abdominal aorta. Structures of the Somatopleure: receive PAIRED vessels of the abdominal aorta.

3. Structures of the Splanchnopleure: receive unpaired vessels of the abdominal aorta.

10. Structures of the Somatopleure: receive paired vessels of the aorta.

14. Arteries & nerves of gluteal region Trochanteric Anastomosis anastomotic ring of arteries found in the trochanteric fossa and around the neck of the femur. Formed by the union of branches from: 1) medial circumflex femoral artery. 2) ascending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. 3) inferior gluteal artery. 4) superior gluteal artery. 4 3 2 1

15. Hip (coxal) joint / Arteries & nerves of gluteal region

16. Femoral triangle / RELATIONS • Deep contents • Femoral a. & v. surrounded by femoral sheath • Profunda femoris a. – principal artery of thigh • Lat and med. femoral circumflex aa. • Deep external pudendal a. • Femoral n. • A few deeper lymph nodes -- Anterior view

17. Femoral triangle / RELATIONS Anterior view

18. Femoral triangle / PRINCIPAL VASCULATURE OF THIGH

19. Femoral triangle / PRINCIPAL ARTERIES OF THIGH

20. Femoral triangle / DEEP VESSELS AND NERVES Profunda femoris a. • Femoral a. & v. surrounded by femoral sheath • Lat 1 and med. femoral 2 circumflex aa. • Deep external pudendal a. • Femoral n. • A few deeper lymph nodes 2 1 Anterior view

21. Hip Anastomosis / FEMORAL HEAD ARTERIAL SUPPLY Lat fem cir a. Ascending branches, lat fem cir. Anterio-lateral view

22. Hip collateral circulation / TROCHANTERIC ANASTOMOSIS • Arterial supply to Femoral head • Medial Femoral Circumflex artery • Lateral Femoral Circumflex artery (acsending br.) • Post. obdurator artery via artery of femoral ligament • Superior and inferior gluteal arteries Posterior view

23. Anatomy &relationships within the popliteal fossa / POPLITEAL ARTERYBRANCHES Posterior tibial artery gives branch laterally -- peroneal (fibular) artery

24. Anatomy &relationships within the popliteal fossa / POPLITEAL VEIN TRIBUTARIES • the small saphenous vein • Several genicular veins (draining the knee joint and its associated structures) • other tributaries corresponding to branches of the popliteal artery

25. Arteries & nerves of gluteal region Superior Gluteal Artery • The deep branch of the superior gluteal artery lies between the gluteus medius muscle and the hip bone, dividing into superior and inferior divisions. • The superior division runs along the upper border of gluteus minimus as far as the anterior superior iliac spine. It contributes to the anastomosis around the hip joint by joining with the: • 1) Deep circumflex iliac artery. • 2) Ascending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. • The inferior division crosses gluteus minimus to supply it, the gluteus medius muscle and the hip joint. It also contributes to the anastomosis around the hip joint by joining with the: • 1) Lateral circumflex femoral artery. • 2) Inferior gluteal artery. • 3) Ascending branch of the medial circumflex artery.

26. Arteries & nerves of gluteal region Inferior Gluteal Artery • Runs backwards and laterally between the first and second, or second and third, ventral sacral nerves. It traverses the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis and enters the gluteal region. • Inside pelvis branches to the piriformis, coccygeus and levator ani muscles, perirectal fat, the fundus of the bladder, the seminal vesicles and the prostate. • Outside the pelvis; it supplies gluteus maximus, obturator internus, the gemelli, quadratus femoris and the upper hamstrings. The artery to the sciatic nerve penetrates and runs along the surface of the nerve, accompanying it as far as the lower thigh. • The inferior gluteal and internal pudendal arteries may arise as a common stem from the internal iliac artery.

27. What is the Axilla? • A region (the axillary space) associated with the armpit. • It actually begins around the cervicoaxillary canal, at the edge of the first rib. • It continues to the armpit, with the bottom being the axillary fascia. (remember? The lower attachment of the clavipectoral membrane?) • It has musculoskeletal boundaries that are lateral, medial, anterior and posterior.

28. AXILLARY SPACE

29. Walls of the axillary space • Medial—Serratus anterior muscle • Lateral—Intertubercular sulcus. • Anterior—Pectoralis major and minor MM. • Posterior—Scapula with subscapularis M.; in places, latisimus dorsi M. and teres major M. • Apex—clavicle. • Base—Axillary fascia.

30. MUSCLES Major structures inside: Axillary sheath and contents! Subscapularis M Latissimus dorsi M Teres major M Most of the rest of the space is adipose tissue. Pectoralis major M Serratus anterior M Pectoralis minor M

31. Axillary sheath • Derived, at least in part, from anterior and middle scalene muscle fascia. • Covers over a series of contents: • Axillary artery • Axillary vein • Brachial plexus and nerves derived from it. • The axillary sheath is just the fascia surrounding these structures. You will open it up in lab to see them.

32. Vertebral Artery Branches you should know: Transverse cervical. Dorsal scapular. Suprascapular. Subclavcian Artery. Lateral to the first rib, it becomes axillary artery.

34. Axillary Artery: divided into three parts Subclavian A. Part 1 (proximal) one branch Part 2 (intermediate) two branches. Brachial A. Part 3 (distal) three branches.

35. Axillary Artery: First Part From lateral border of 1st rib to medial border of Pectoralis Major M. Named Branch: Supreme Thoracic A. (to external thoracic body wall) Supplies blood to first and second intercostal spaces

36. Axillary Artery: Second part Deep to the pectoralis minor M. Thoracoacromial trunk Branches to: Clavicular area Pectoralis region Acromion of Scapula Deltoid Muscle. Lateral Thoracic Artery Bbr. to Serratus Ant. M.

37. Axillary Artery: third part Lateral border of Pectoralis minor M. to lateral border of Teres major M. Subscapular A.: Branches: Posterior circumflex humeral A. Circumflex scapular A. (to multiple muscles associated with the scapula) 1. Anterior circumflex humeral A. Thoracodorsal A. (to Latissimus dorsi M.) 2. How it will look in lab

38. Thoracoacromial A. Lateral thoracic A. Supreme thoracic A. Subscapular A. Post. Circumflex humoral A. Ant. Circumflex humoral A. Note, there is a broad anastamosis of the entire scapular region including circumflex humorals, subscapular, dorsal scapular, and suprascapular AA.

39. Arteries of Proximal Arm • The arterial pattern has one major vessel, with several important branches, which can supply muscles: • Deep brachial A. to posterior compartment (branches to medial collateral and radial collateral AA). • Superior ulnar collateral A. • Inferior ulnar collateral A. • Note, many muscles are supplied directly by unnamed muscular branches. Do not even think of giving all the vessels you see a distinct name.

40. The brachial artery is the primary artery supplying muscles of the arm. Note, the muscles and overlying skin are supplied by small, otherwise unnamed branches arising from it. Its largest single branch, the deep brachial A., arises from it in the upper part of the arm and penetrates towards the extensor (posterior) compartment. There are also arteries that supply the elbow anastomosis arising from it.

41. Axillary A. Brachial A. Deep brachial A. Radial collateral A. (a branch of the deep brachial A.) Superior ulnar collateral A. Not seen, middle collateral A., another branch of the deep brachial A. Inferior ulnar collateral A.

42. Collateral anastomosis around elbow.

43. Lymphatic System