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Congo Crisis

Background. Political Parties strived for independence, foundations based on:ethnic kinship, connections formed in schools, and urban intellectualism.2 Important parties:Association des Bakongo (ABAKO) led by Joseph Kasa-vubuMovement National Congolais (MNC) founded by Patrice Lumumba. Riots. In

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Congo Crisis

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    1. Congo Crisis 1960-1965

    2. Background Political Parties strived for independence, foundations based on: ethnic kinship, connections formed in schools, and urban intellectualism. 2 Important parties: Association des Bakongo (ABAKO) led by Joseph Kasa-vubu Movement National Congolais (MNC) founded by Patrice Lumumba

    3. Riots In deciding the fate of the Congo, the ABAKO decided to take a more radical stance towards ending colonialism Demanded immediate self government Consolidated power over much of lower Congo and Leopoldville Pressures from ABAKO and conflict with the Belgian Government led to riots in Leopoldville In October 1959 after a meeting of Lumumba’s MNC he was arrested

    4. Independence and Chaos June 30, 1960 - Patrice Lumumba was elected as Prime Minister, with Kasa-Vubu the president Mutiny by the Army, later called the Armee Nationale Congolaise (ANC), showed that the new country did not have an effective means of central control. July 11, 1960 – Moise Tshombe declared the province of Katanga, which is rich in natural resources, independent with military and business support, but were never able to fully control the province due to internal conflicts.

    5. Disagreement with the UN Lumumba requested to the UN for military assistance to subdue the rebellions but his impatience led to him threatening to seek help from the Soviet Union Secretary General Hammarskjöld and Lumumba disagrees on the use of force within the Congo Succession of South Kasai Diamond rich region Aug 8 1960 Mining State of South Kasai proclaimed Lumumba, dissatisfied with the UN, accepted help from the SU to repress the rebellion Caused the US to lean towards Mobutu and Kasa-Vubu more

    6. Assassination of Lumumba Sept 6, 1960 Kasa-Vubu announces that Lumumba was dismissed Sept 14, Mobutu seizes power in a military coup with the help of CIA Kasa-Vubu kept as vice president Lumumba kept under house arrest Jan 17, 1961 Lumumba Assassinated with authorization from the Eisenhower by Mobutu Threat to Mobutu’s Power Russian advisors ordered to leave

    7. UN’s Reactions Feb 21, 1961 UN finally authorizes to use force, in a defensive measure August 28, 1961 Operation Rumpunch Called for the end of the Katanga succession by force Initially successful… ended in failure September 9, 1961 Operation Morthor Called for the end of the Katanga succession by force …failed Strong defense by Katanga forces Tshombe and other key government officials escaped and urged resitance UN attacks on Civillians were reported, which caused anger in Europe UN battalians were attacked and one was trapped in Jadotville

    8. UN Intervention… Continued Secretary Dag Hammarskjold was killed in a plane crash in an attempt to secure a seize fire with Tshombe The trapped battalion of 155 UN troops surrendered after running out of supplies September 20, 1961 Seize fire agreed December 5th, 1961 Operation Unokat Resulted in unity talks with Tshombe for one year without an agreement December 1962 Operation Grand Slam Ended the Katanga Succession by January 1963 South Kasai Succession also ended a year earlier with the use of force by the Congolese Central government

    9. Mobutu Seizes Power To quell insurgencies that appeared in the Eastern Provinces, the Congolese government look for help from the US Operation Dragon Rouge Successfully put down the rebellions November 25, 1965 Mobutu Seizes Power Establishes a one party Dictatorship With help from CIA, the West saw him as an ally against communism in Africa

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