NEBOSH General Certificate

1. NEBOSH General Certificate

2. Managing - the core skills Planning - objectives - priorities - action plans • Organising • Responsibilities • Systems • - expertise Controlling - hazard recognition - risk assessment - risk management Monitoring - checking use of control measures - safe systems etc

3. Health and Safety Management. • To manage the safety of people, we should • Create a health and safety policy • Carry out risk assessments and re-assess • Develop a safety plan • Train to ensure competence • Monitor performance • Change policy or the plan as required

4. Safety Management HS G 65

5. HS G 65 Step 1, Set Your Policy • Decide and develop your policy which should • Have three sections (HSW Act s2) • Statement of intent • Organisation • Arrangements • Steer direction company takes, and influences all activities • Set standards • Becomes the centre for safety management • Defence for litigation, prosecution and insurance claims

6. HS G 65 Step 2 Organise Your Staff • To make effective policy, involve staff, gain commitment • The four ‘C’s help in developing a positive culture • ‘Competence’ • Recruitment, training, advice and support • ‘Control’ • Delegate responsibility, secure commitment, provide instruction and effective supervision • ‘Co-operation’ • Between individuals, groups of employers, employees, contractors, temps etc • ‘Communication’ • By written, spoken and visible actions

7. HS G 65 Step 3 Plan & Set Standards • Develop a plan • How to eliminate or control significant risks • How legislation is to be implemented • H & S targets with managers and supervisors • Purchase and supply policy etc • Defining tasks, processes, equipment, product design and services • Safe systems of work • Procedures for serious and imminent danger • Co-operation with contractors / neighbours • Standards setting to measure performance by

8. HS G 65 Step 4 Monitor Performance • Just like finance, production or sales, you need to monitor / measure performance to find if you are successful, you need to know • Where you are • Where you want to be • What is the difference - and why • Two types of monitoring systems • Active • Before things go wrong • Reactive • After things have gone wrong

9. HS G 65 Step 5, Audit and Review • We need to learn from our experiences • Monitoring provides information to review activities, and decide how to improve performance • Audits can tell how reliable and effective your systems are • Reviewing policy needs to consider • Compliance with performance standards • Where standards maybe absent or inadequate • Compliance with legislation • Achievement of stated objectives within given time scales i.e. Injury, illness and incident data • Immediate or underlying causes, trends and common features • What gets measured, gets done

11. Management Tools, to Assist in Developing and Maintaining a Safe Working Environment

12. Safety Inspections. • A health and safety inspection is • To go to a workplace, identify the hazards, and assess whether they are being adequately controlled • Can be, safety adviser, manager, supervisor safety rep’, or any combination (can be a team) • Should have an inspection sheet, with actions responsibilities and completion deadlines etc • Should have management involvement, authority • Should have a system for recording, and filing • Must be competent

13. Safety Tours • Short informal Inspections • Need check sheet / recording • Can be used by management and safety advisors as a monitoring method • Managers and supervisor should implement each day

14. Health and Safety Audit • A health and safety audit is a comprehensive analysis of a companies health and safety systems, they seek to confirm : • Does the company have a health and safety system of management ? • Is the system adequate for their needs ? • Do they use the systems in place ? • Have the objectives been achieved ? • Justification for a future strategy ? • Carried out by independent person • Considers : policy, plans, procedures Legislation compliance, SS of W, etc

15. Safe System of Work? • A safe system of work is • A formal procedure which results from a systematic examination of a task in order to identify all the hazards • It defines safe methods to ensure that hazards are eliminated or risks minimised

16. Key Elements of a Safe System • Plan in advance of the work • Not routine operator instructions • Consider the people - experience etc • Account for ‘familiarity breeding contempt’ • Establish the system • Written instruction • Training • Supervision (monitoring)

17. Safety Analysis (JSA) • Analyse the task • Identify the hazards • Assess the risks • Plan the system

18. Job Safety AnalysisSyndicate • Consider a car driver with a puncture ! • List all the steps you need to take to change the tyre? • Consider at each step • What the hazards are ? • The adverse effects that could occur ? • Any control method ? Step Description Hazards Effects Control Methods

19. Permit to Work • A formal document controlled system applied to high risk activities • Maintenance on machinery • Working on live electric • Entry into confined spaces • Excavation with buried services • Hot work near flammables • Work on or near overhead cranes

20. Permits to Work • Permits should contain • Date, start / stop time, method of work, precautions, people, signatures to authorise work to start ,and to confirm work is complete, also for agreement to carry the work out in that way • Permits should ideally not go beyond 8 Hr or a Shift • If work is not complete Start a new permit • Breach of a permit should be a disciplinary offence

21. Communications

22. Legal Requirements • HSW ACT • Employers Duties • Management of Health and Safety at Work Regs • Information for employees • Safety Reps and Committees Regs • Consultation with Employees Regs • Safety Signs Regs • CHIP • PUWER, COSHH…etc

23. Cycle of Communication Presenter + Aim Feedback i.e. Action … or not ! Language barriers Format i.e. written, said Interpretation depending on experience, attitudes etc Understanding of receiver

24. Remember communication involves listening as well as talking !!

25. Group Work • What methods do you use to communicate health and safety in your company ? • What could prevent good communication (barriers) • How could you overcome those barriers

26. Sender Unclear Irrelevant detail Too much little info Poor quality info Inaccuracy Vague, ambiguous terms used Wrong style Wrong language, jargon Complexity of the message Receiver Physical defect- hearing / speech Language difficulties Lack of knowledge Lack of training Lack of experience Illiteracy Lack of feed back Attitude Barriers to Communication‘Sender and Receiver’

27. Barriers to Communication • The Place • Size • Equipment • Facilities • Lighting • Glare from sun etc • Noise • Comfort of seating • Temperature • Distractions

28. Formal Safety policy Reports Inspectors letter / notice Registered / official forms Safety meeting reports Notices on notice board Statistics, signs Memos, training Informal Verbal Telephone Rumour / grapevine Custom and practice Body language Methods of Communication

29. People Remember • 10% of what they read • 20% of what they hear • 30% of what they see • 50% of what they see and hear • 70% of what they say in conversation • 90% of what they say as they do a thing

30. Choosing The Medium • We have to consider • Personal or impersonal • Cost • Is feedback necessary (person or action) • Will the message get through • Accuracy and speed • Permanent record required • Credibility of source

31. Internal Risk assessments Committees / representatives Accident records Inspections Audits Policies Inspectors reports External HSE HMSO IOSH / ROSPA Local safety groups Suppliers / manufacturers Libraries / data banks Standards Internet Internal / External Sources of Health and Safety Information

32. Group Work • Why may verbal instructions not be clearly understood ? Or • Why employees may fail to comply with safety instructions ?

33. Misunderstanding and Non- Compliance • Could Be Because • Unrealistic or ill conceived procedures or instructions • Mental / physical capabilities not taken account • Poor safety culture / complacency / lack of motivation • Peer pressure / other priorities / pressures • Risks not perceived • Environment ie. Noise • Fatigue and stress • Lack of consultation or commitment

34. Communications Questions • Outline the sources of information that could be consulted when developing a Safe System of Work (8) • Outline the various methods of communicating health and safety information to the workforce (8) • Outline the reasons that may prevent a verbal instruction being clearly understood by an employee (8) • Outline the various ways in which a Safety Policy Document could be communicated to the workforce (8)

35. Training

36. Essential Elements of Training • The Trainer • Experience • Knowledge • Knowledge of limitations i.e. knowing what you don’t know • Training method • Venue • Date • Duration • Cost

37. Induction Training • First day • Fire precautions, first aid • Workplace, colleagues • Canteen, toilets etc • First week • Hazards, risks & precautions • Emergency procedures, limitations • Key people • First 6 months and onwards • Detailed safe systems of work • Changes, refresher

38. Training Needs Analysis • Stage 1 • Analyse the job content by JSA • Stage 2 • Identify the knowledge, skills and experience required • Stage 3 • Assess individual competence • Stage 2 & 3 = training need

39. Forms of Training • Interactive • Computer based • Visual • ‘a picture paints a thousand words’ • Practical • On site where possible • Tailored to the organisations’ systems • Tailored case studies, audit results etc • Use team leaders / safety representatives to train

40. Aims and Objectives • Aim - journey's end • e.g. Aim to train employees in the correct use of hearing protection • Objective – what delegates should be able to achieve • Understand how the ear can be damaged by noise • Explain why hearing protection is necessary • Recognise the areas where hearing protection must be worn • Use proper procedure for obtaining hearing protection • Inspect ear muffs for damage • Maintain the equipment

41. Group Work Outline factors to be considered when planning and preparing a health and safety training session Planning Preparation Practice

42. Planning Planning Preparation Practice • Topic • Make it interesting ? • Keep to the point ? • Ensure it can be clearly understood ? • Tailor it to the audience ? • Ensure it be presented in the time available ? • Ensure it will achieve what you set out to achieve ? • People • Place • Time

43. Preparation • Preparation • Training material • Venue

44. Practice • Practice !! • Welcome and Introduction • Talk • Timing • Ending

45. Typical Training Questions • Outline the main h & s topics to be included in an induction training programme for new employees (8) • Outline how health and safety training needs can be identified (8) • Outline the events that may create a need for additional health and safety training within an organisation (8) • Outline the factors to be considered when preparing and presenting a health and safety training session (8) • Explain why induction training is important in the prevention of accidents (8) • Outline the issues that should be included in a training programme for employees on the emergency action to take in the event of a fire (8)

46. Consultation Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations 1977

47. Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations 1977 • Appointed by a recognised trade union • 2 years service or experience in similar employment • Name of the representative and group represented notified to the employer in writing • Appointment ceases on notification by the union or when employment ceases

48. The Duties of Safety Representatives • Take reasonable practicable steps to keep themselves informed of • Health and safety legislation • Their workplace hazards and precautions • Safety policy and arrangements • Encourage co-operation between their employer / employees in promoting and developing improvements in health and safety • Report to their employer the effectiveness of health and safety measures and any unsafe or unhealthy working practices • The 'duties' do not imply legal responsibility

49. Representatives Are Entitled To: • Inspect the workplace for hazards • Investigate complaints about health / safety • Make representation to their employer • Consult with and receive information from HSE inspectors (or other enforcing authority) • Inspect documents / be provided with information • Attend meetings of safety committees • Undertake training • Reasonable facilities • 2 or more can ask (in writing) for a safety committee

50. Safety Committees