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Introduction to the New Testament: Divine Revelation and Inspiration

Explore the divine nature of the Bible as God's revealed truth for our salvation. Discover how God speaks to us through scripture, giving us insight into His relationship with humanity throughout history. Learn about the different senses of scripture and their significance in understanding God's message.

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Introduction to the New Testament: Divine Revelation and Inspiration

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  1. Introduction to The New Testament

  2. The Bible is… Divine Revelation Inspiration spiritu “breathed into” Genesis 2:7 God breathes into Scripture gives it life imparts in it the truths for our Salvation • God speaks to us in many ways • examples? • the Bible… • gives us insight into God’s relationship with us • shows that God has been reaching out to us throughout history • reveals God to us

  3. In your 8-Page Mini Notebook… (Page 2) Literal Sense (Page 3) Example: Mark 1:9-11 a character named “Jesus” is from Nazareth of Galilee Jesus is baptized by Johnin water the heavens broke open and a dove, named “Spirit” came down to Jesus a voice calls Jesus its son the voice is happy with Jesus • what the words mean at the surface level • what it was understood at the time • how things happen

  4. In your 8-Page Mini Notebook… (Page 4) Spiritual Sense-Allegorical (Page 5) Example: Mark 1:9-11 Jesus is the Son of God Now that Jesus is baptized, he will begin his public ministry. • recognizes the significance of Christ in scriptural events • what do we learn about Jesus • (NOT what we learn from him)

  5. In your 8-Page Mini Notebook… (Page 6) Spiritual Sense-Moral (Page 7) Example: Mark 1:9-11 We are to accept Jesus as the Son of God. We, too, are to be baptized to find favor with God. • seeks instruction for living and behaving • what we are to do • the lesson of the story

  6. In your 8-Page Mini Notebook… (Page 8) Spiritual Sense-Anagogical (Page 1) Example: Example: Mark 1:9-11 When we are baptized on Earth, just as Jesus was, we share in his divinity in preparation for our eternal life when we rejoin him in Heaven. • derives heavenly matters from the earthly matters described in the narrative • what is being awaited • how we get to Heaven

  7. ANY QUESTIONS?

  8. Who wrote the Bible? • biblical inspiration: • God through the Holy Spirit assisted a human author in writing a book of the Bible • inevitably, God is the author of the Bible • biblical inerrancy: • not everything in the Bible is literally true, but the fundamental beliefs & teachings of the Bible are w/o error • biblical exegesis: • the explanation of a passage of sacred Scripture with the guidance of the Holy Spirit

  9. Salvation History The Bible in 50 Words • With a partner, describe Salvation History, or the Bible, in 50 words. • Be sure to include everything from the creation of the first humans all the way to the early years of the Church described in the New Testament. • This can be written in a simple paragraph or you may chose to write yours in the style of a poem. BE CREATIVE  The only rule is to describe Salvation History in 50 words, exactly! Once you and your partner have finished, please artistically depict your summary on the sheet of paper given to you.

  10. ANY QUESTIONS?

  11. The Canon of the Bible • the word is Greek meaning "rule" or "measuring stick" • a list of texts/books which a particular religious community regards as authoritative scripture • Roman Catholic Bible: Old Testament: 46 Books New Testament: 27 Books

  12. Other Early Christian Writings • 1945, Nag Hammadi, Egypt • a bedouin looking for fertilizer accidently found a jar containing 13 fragmentary leather-bound books • contain epistles, apocalypses, collections of secret teachings, & several gospels • written in Coptic • an ancient Egyptian language • were NOT used in the NT…why?

  13. How Books Made TheFinal Cut… • Christians debated the acceptability of some of the books…arguments centered around whether the book in question was… • ancient • ex. The Shepherd of Hermas: written during or after the age of the apostles? • written by apostles • ex. Hebrews: written by Paul? • widely accepted among congregations as containing correct Christian teaching • ex. The Book of Revelation: doctrine of the end?

  14. In the end… • Athanasius, the powerful bishop of Alexandria, Egypt, authored the list of the NT • explains why monks hid the writings discovered 1,600 years later by a bedouin near Nag Hammadi, Egypt

  15. Brain Break Game Canon Challenge

  16. The Canon of the New Testament The Gospels The Acts of the Apostles The Acts of the Apostles • The Gospel According to Matthew • The Gospel According to Mark • The Gospel According to Luke • The Gospel According to John

  17. The Canon of the New Testament The New Testament Letters The Catholic Epistles The Epistle of James The 1stEpistle of Peter The 2ndEpistle of Peter The 1stEpistle of John The 2ndEpistle of John The 3rdEpistle of John The Epistle of Jude • The 1st Letter to the Thessalonians • The 2nd Letter to the Thessalonians • The 1st Letter to Timothy • The 2nd Letter to Timothy • The Letter to Titus • The Letter to Philemon • The Letter to the Hebrews • The Letter to the Romans • The 1st Letter to the Corinthians • The 2nd Letter to the Corinthians • The Letter to the Galatians • The Letter to the Ephesians • The Letter to the Philippians • The Letter to the Colossians

  18. The Canon of the New Testament The Book of Revelation • The Book of Revelation

  19. ANY QUESTIONS?

  20. Different Versions of theSAME BOOK! • scribes copied the books by hand leaving room for plenty of error • copying copies did not help either • we do not have the originals, or copies of the originals, or even copies of the 1st copies… • the mistakes • mostly unimportant & accidental • some on purpose?

  21. What is the New Testament? • short answer... • the 2nd part of the Christian Bible • detailed answer… • contains 27 books • originally written in Greek by 15-16 authors • addresses Christian communities b/w 50-120 A.D. • along w/ the OT-is considered to be the sacred canon • the collection of books recognized by the Church as the true measure of faith

  22. The Gospels • gospel=“good news” • tells the stories about the life and death of Jesus • birth, ministry, miracles, teaching, last days, crucifixion, resurrection • authors: • 2 are believed to be disciples of Jesus • Matthew, the tax collector • John, the beloved disciple • 2 are believed to be associates of famous apostles • Mark, the secretary of Peter • Luke, the traveling companion of Paul • the authors chose to be anonymous

  23. Brain Break Game Complete the Passage

  24. The Acts of The Apostles • portrays the spread of Christianity through the work of the apostles • author: • written by the same author as the 3rd Gospel…Luke • reads as a sequel to the Gospel of Luke • Luke 1:1-4; Acts 1:1-2 • describes the history of early Christianity beginning with events immediately after Jesus’ death

  25. The 21 Letters/Epistles • letters written by Christian leaders to various communities & individuals • The New Testament/Pauline Letters: 13 claimed to be written by St. Paul • Catholic Epistles: 8 addressed to the general public instead of a specific Christian community • addressed the theological or practical problems that had arose in the Christian communities

  26. The Book of Revelation • the 1st surviving instance of a Christian apocalypse • describes the course of events leading up to the destruction of this world & the appearance of the world to come

  27. Palestine at the Time of Jesus Galilee Sea of Galilee Nazareth Samaria Jordan River Judea Jerusalem Dead Sea Bethlehem

  28. ANY QUESTIONS?

  29. The Synoptic Gospels+ John • The Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are very similar to each other & very different from the Gospel of John • synoptic=“seen together” • HOWEVER…How do we explain the fact that these Gospels do agree on many levels, but still disagree on many levels? • The Synoptic Problem…explained by…

  30. The Four-Source Hypothesis • “Markan Priority” • Matthew & Luke borrowed many of their stories from Mark • “Q” • material found in both Matthew & Luke that is NOT found in Mark • “M” • stories exclusively found in Matthew • “L” • stories exclusively found in Luke L M

  31. ANY QUESTIONS?

  32. The Four-Source Hypothesis: Identifying the Source (Answers)

  33. ANY QUESTIONS?

  34. The 3 Stages of Development • The Life & Teachings of Jesus (4-6 BC to AD 30-33) • Oral Proclamation (AD 30 to 65) • Written Proclamation (AD 50 to 110)

  35. Jesus’ Life, Death & Resurrection • His Life & Teachings • performed miracles, befriended outcasts, revealed the truth about God, preached the Kingdom of God & salvation, etc. • His Death • opponents to his teaching accused him of: • blasphemy & treason • was tried, convicted, crucified, died, & was buried • His Resurrection • rose from the dead; ascended into Heaven-both body & soul • saved humankind from sin

  36. Game: Telephone The Rule The word or phrase can only be whispered once, so players must pay close attention. • Round #1-Everyone MUST be silent. • Round #2-Everyone is allowed to talk but NOT about the phrase.

  37. The Preaching of … the early church leaders (mainly, the apostles) preached… • to those who had not witnessed Jesus first-hand • stressed kerygma, the “proclamation” of Jesus’ message of salvation • used OT to show how Jesus fulfilled the messianic prophecies • to those who had accepted Jesus • didache, “teaching” reinforcing the living message w/in the kerygma • as a means to keep the Scripture & Tradition alive • liturgia, “Christian worship” recalling key elements of Jesus’ life & teachings

  38. He’ll Be Back • Church leaders saw no need to put Jesus’ life & teachings on paper b/c they believed he would return in their lifetime • What changed their mind? • church leaders began to die or be put to death (martyrdom) so in order to preserve the faith, they wrote it down • oral tradition had its flaws • distortions of the Truth began • easier to circulate writings • provided a source for converts to maintain proper belief

  39. ANY QUESTIONS?

  40. Quest: #1-5 #4 #2 #3 #5 #1

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