Super Dupers for Robotics (7ME6.2A)course in RTU

1. Super Dupers for Robotics (7ME6.2A)course in RTU by: Mrs. Nisha Payal Associate Professor Vivekanada Institute of Technology, Jaipur

2. Question: With suitable examples, illustrate various applications of robots. Max marks: 16

3. Guidelines to answer this question: • Define a robot (draw a simplified figure) • Applications are to be subdivided into following heads: a. Medical b. Mining c. Space d. Underwater e. Defence f. Security g. Domestic h. Entertainment (each head is to further subdivided depending upon its own characteristics)

4. Definition of a robot Machines that can replace human beings as regards to physical work and decision making are categorized as robots. Draw following fig.

5. A. Robots in Medical applications Robots work as surgical assistants. They do not replace a surgeon but provides him new set of versatile tools that extend his ability to treat patients. Medical robots are of two types: • Surgeon extender: they increase the surgeon’s ability to manipulate surgical instruments during surgery inside patient’s body. E.g surgical snake performs heart, neck and throat operations. • Auxiliary surgical support: they work side by side to surgeon and perform functions like holding endoscopes, etc.

6. Benefits of robotic assisted surgeries: • Small incisions • Less pain • Low risk of infection • Short hospital stay • Quick recovery time • Less scarring • Reduced blood loss

7. Some conditions treated using robotic-assisted surgery include: • General – Pancreatic cancer, benign pancreatic lesions, liver tumors, gallbladder cancer, obesity • Lung – Some lung tumors, • Gynecologic – gynecologic cancers • Head and neck – Head, neck, thyroid cancer • Heart – Mitral valve prolapse and repair, atrialseptal defect, atrial fibrillation • Urological conditions – Bladder cancer, kidney disorders (kidney stones, kidney cysts, kidney blockage),

8. Robots in Mining applications Why robots in mining are required? In order to enhance productivity, access to unworkable mineral seams, and reduce human exposure to the inhospitable environment of dust, noise, gas, water, moving equipment and roof-fall robots are used.

9. Mining applications • Robots are used for excavation as well as material and gas detection. • The world’s largest robot, a 3500 tonne coal dragline featuring automated loading and unloading • A robot device for drilling and bolting mine roofs to stabilize them after blasting • A pilot less burrowing machine for mining in flooded gravels and sands underground, where human operators cannot go. • A robotic drilling and blasting device for inducing controlled caving.

10. Robots in space exploration Explorations of the planets, moons, and other near bodies in space are clear goal for international space scientists. Robotics perform following tasks without endangering human lives. They are mainly of following types: • Servicers: human - sized, multi-arm, remote manipulators which are used for servicing and assembly. • Cranes: like the RMS currently operated on Space Shuttle missions, are long single arms used for repositioning larges masses. • Rovers: mobile platforms for transporting payloads on planetary servicers and exaterrestrial surfaces.

11. Examples of Robots in space exploration • ‘Mars Pathfinder’ of NASA :This robotic Mars rover landed on July 4, 1997 explored Mars for around three months. • ‘Chandrayan’ and ‘Mangalyan’ are attempts by the ISRO to explore the terrains of Moon and Mars respectively.

12. Robots in underwater explorations 95% of underwater world remains unexplored. There are many challenges in exploring such as communication, accurate positioning, mid – depth zone navigation and unpredictable disturbances. Robots find following applications in this field: • scientific exploration, • military use, • hobbies

13. Robots in underwater explorations • Robot Oceanonehas Artifitial Intelligence navigation and pressure sensors . It is filled with compressible oil to offset the crushing pressures experienced when 100 metres underwater. • The robotic underwater glider Scarlet Knight crossed the Atlantic over the course of several months in 2009. data collected helped scientists understand how climate change is effecting the ocean.

14. Robots in Defence applications • Mobile firefighters to be used for quick response and in extremely hazardous area. • Used for bomb disposals (‘DAKSH’ by DRDO) • In the battlefield • Area of surveillance (guard and sentry duty) • Mine sweeping • Artillery loading

15. Robots in Security applications • Surveillance • To guard power plants, oil refineries and other potential targets of terrorist groups. (‘NETRA’ by DRDO) Robots for such applications must be mobile on tracks or in air. They should be equipped with some form of vision system, other types of sensors and even have defensive and/or offensive capabilities.

16. Robots in Domestic applications Till now, robots were used for industrial purposes but now they are gainng popularity for domestic usage. • Cleaning house • Assist aged people to perform daily chores • Vacuum cleaner robots

17. Robots for Entertainment applications • Motion platforms • Amusement rides (KUKA Robocoaster) • Robotic competitions for students (ROBOCON) • Honda’s ASIMO is world’s most advanced humanoid robot • Sony’s Aibo is a series of robotic pets

18. Self exploration resources • Introduction to Robotics by S.K. Saha • Robotics and Control by R. K. Mittal and I. J. Nagrath Thank You