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The Age of Exploration

The Age of Exploration. Motivations. “ Glory, God and Gold ” Gold : Spices (Marco Polo and Travels ) Demand had risen as population recovered God : Chance to crusade against heathens and spread Roman Catholic faith Glory : Renaissance spirit of inquiry. Innovation and Invention.

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The Age of Exploration

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  1. The Age of Exploration

  2. Motivations • “Glory, God and Gold” • Gold: Spices (Marco Polo and Travels) • Demand had risen as population recovered • God: Chance to crusade against heathens and spread Roman Catholic faith • Glory: Renaissance spirit of inquiry

  3. Innovation and Invention • Maps (Cartography) • Prince Henry the Navigator • The Astrolabe (latitude) and Compass • Better vessels called Caravels • triangle sails, fixed rudders, wider hulls • Armaments • Better cannons

  4. Led by Prince Henry Redesigned ships, made maps, trained sailors at school in Sagres Bartholomeu Dias: Southern most tip of Africa (1488) Vasco da Gama: First to reach India; established trading in India (1498) Portuguese are the first

  5. Christopher Columbus • Spain wants in on trade profits • Sail West to get East • 1492 Ferdinand and Isabella give him 3 ships • Depart Aug 3rd • Scurvy, misery • Arrive at San Salvador October 12th 1492

  6. The voyages of Columbus

  7. Dividing the World • Spain and Portugal agree to the Line of Demarcation in 1493 • Portugal gets the East and Spain the West • The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 gave Brazil to Portugal • Pedro Cabral claimed it for Portugal in 1500

  8. Ferdinand Magellan • September 1519 set out for a 2 year voyage to circumnavigate • Portuguese but working for Spain • 5 ships 285 men • November 1520 3 ships enter the Strait of Magellan and sail into the Pacific Ocean • March 1521 reach the Philippines • Magellan killed • September 8th 1522 18 men and 1 ship return home

  9. The Northwest Passage • 1497 John Cabot sent by Henry VIII to look for a route over N. America to the East • Newfoundland (Grand Banks) • 1535 Jacques Cartier and (France) Samuel De Champlain • Henry Hudson • 1609 had claimed New Amsterdam for the Dutch • Hudson Bay

  10. The Spanish Empire • Conquistadores • 1519 Hernan Cortes defeated the Aztecs and Montezuma (Mexico) • 1532 Francisco Pizarro Defeats the Incas and Atahualpa(Peru)

  11. The Spanish Model of Colonization • Policies • Viceroys (royal governors provide tight control) • No women except natives • Wealth based on exploitation of natives and then Africans (by 1542)

  12. Impacts of Spanish colonization • Destruction of native language, culture and religion • “Columbian exchange” • New social structure • Penninsulare, • Creole • Mestizo / Mulattoe • Native Indian / African

  13. Columbian Exchange

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