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Extended Learning Module C Computer Hardware and Software

Extended Learning Module C Computer Hardware and Software. Main Map. What is computer hardware and software all about? I would like to take a quick tour of technology. What are the categories of computers by size? Software: My Intellectual Interface. Hardware: My Physical Interface.

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Extended Learning Module C Computer Hardware and Software

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  1. Extended Learning Module C Computer Hardware and Software Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  2. Main Map • What is computer hardware and software all about? • I would like to take a quick tour of technology. • What are the categories of computers by size? • Software: My Intellectual Interface. • Hardware: My Physical Interface. • I would like to see my computer at work. Go → Go → Go → Go → Go → Go → Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  3. What is computer hardware and software all about?(Introduction) Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  4. Introduction • You need to have a good understanding of the basics of computer hardware and software including • Terminology • Characteristics of various devices and • How everything works together to create a complete and usable computer system Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  5. Introduction • Information technology (IT) – computer-based tool that people use to work with information and support the information and information-processing needs of an organization. • Hardware – the physical devices that make up a computer. • Software – the set of instructions that your hardware executes to carry out a specific task for you. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  6. I would like to take a quick tour of technology Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  7. A Quick Tour of Technology • Six categories of hardware • Input device - a tool you use to capture information and commands. • Mouse, keyboard • Output device - a tool you use to see, hear, or otherwise accept the results of information-processing requests. • Monitor, printer Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  8. A Quick Tour of Technology • Storage device - a tool you use to store information for use at a later time. • Primary storage • RAM, or random access memory, - temporary storage. • Secondary storage • Floppy disks Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  9. A Quick Tour of Technology • Central processing unit (CPU) – the actual hardware that interprets and executes software instructions and coordinates how all the other hardware devices work together. • Intel Pentium 4 chip Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  10. A Quick Tour of Technology • Telecommunications device – tool you use to send information to and receive it from another person or location. • Modem • Connecting device – includes such things as parallel ports into which you connect a printer and connector cords to connect your printer to the parallel port. • Video card Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  11. A Quick Tour of Technology Figure C.1Six Categories of Computer Hardwarepage 399 Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  12. A Quick Tour of Technology • Software types include: • Application software - solves specific problems or perform specific tasks. • System software - handles tasks specific to technology management. • Operating system software - controls application software and manages hardware devices. • Utility software - provides additional functionality to the operating system. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  13. A Quick Tour of Technology Figure C.2Quicken and Excel Are Application Software Toolspage 400 Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  14. What are the categories of computers by size? Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  15. Categories of Computers By SizePersonal Digital Assistants, Notebook Computers, and Desktop Computers • Personal digital assistant (PDA) – a small hand-held computer that helps you surf the Web and perform simple tasks such as note taking, calendaring, appointment scheduling, and maintaining an address book. • Notebook computer - a fully functional computer designed to be carried around and run on battery power. • Desktop computer - the most popular choice for personal computing needs. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  16. Categories of Computers By SizePersonal Digital Assistants, Notebook Computers, and Desktop Computers Figure C.3PDAs, Notebooks, and Desktopspage 401 Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  17. Categories of Computers By SizeMinicomputers, Mainframe Computers, and Supercomputers • Minicomputer - designed to meet the computing needs of several people simultaneously in a small to medium-size business environment. • Mainframe computer - designed to meet the computing needs of hundreds of people in a large business environment. • Supercomputers - the fastest, most powerful, and most expensive type of computer. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  18. Categories of Computers By SizeMinicomputers, Mainframe, and Supercomputers Figure C.4Minicomputers, Mainframes, and Supercomputerspage 204 Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  19. Software:My intellectual interface. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  20. Software: Your Intellectual InterfaceApplication Software • There are two categories of software • Application software and • System software Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  21. Software: Your Intellectual InterfaceApplication Software • Application software is used to meet specific information-processing needs, including such things as: • Payroll • Customer relationship management • Project management • Training • Word processing and many others. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  22. Software: Your Intellectual InterfaceApplication Software • Personal productivity software - performs personal tasks, including such things as creating: • Memos • Graphs • Slide presentations Team Work Buying Personal Productivity Software Suites Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  23. Software: Your Intellectual InterfaceApplication Software • Word processing – helps you create papers, letters, memos, and other basic documents. • Spreadsheet – helps you work primarily with numbers, including performing calculations and creating graphs. • Presentation – helps you create and edit information that will appear in electronic slides. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  24. Software: Your Intellectual InterfaceApplication Software • Desktop publishing – extends word processing software by including design and formatting techniques to enhance the layout and appearance of a document. • Personal information management (PIM) – helps you create and maintain to-do lists, appointments, calendars, and points of contact. • Personal finance – helps you maintain your checkbook, prepare a budget, track investments, monitor your credit card balances, and pay bills electronically. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  25. Software: Your Intellectual InterfaceApplication Software • Web authoring – helps you design and develop Web sites and pages that you publish on the Web. • Graphics – helps you create and edit photos and art. • Communications – helps you communicate with other people. • Database management system (DBMS) – helps you specify the logical organization for a database and access and use the information within a database. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  26. Software: Your Intellectual InterfaceApplication Software • Vertical market software - unique to a particular industry. Examples include: • Patient-scheduling software • Nursing allocation software • Horizontal market software - general enough to be suitable for use in a variety of industries. Examples include: • Inventory management software • Payroll software Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  27. Software: Your Intellectual InterfaceSystem Software • Operating system software - controls application software and manages how hardware devices work together. • Multitasking - allows you to work with more than one piece of software at a time. • Utility software - adds additional functionality to the operating system. • Anti-virus software - utility software that scans for and often eliminates viruses in RAM and storage devices. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  28. Software: Your Intellectual InterfaceSystem Software • Crash-proof software – utility software that saves information if your system crashes. Team Work Evaluating Utility Software Suites Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  29. Software: Your Intellectual InterfaceSystem Software • Uninstaller software – utility software that removes software from your hard disk. • Disk optimization software – utility software that organizes information on your hard disk. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  30. Software: Your Intellectual InterfacePersonal Operating Systems • Microsoft Windows 2000 Pro – for personal computers connected to a network. • Microsoft Windows 2000 Me – for home computer users. • Microsoft Windows XP Home – upgrade to Windows 2000 Me. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  31. Software: Your Intellectual InterfacePersonal Operating Systems • Microsoft Windows XP Pro – upgrade to Windows 2000 Pro. • Mac OS – for today’s Apple computers. • Linux – open-source operating system for high-end workstations and network servers. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  32. Hardware:My physical interface. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  33. Hardware: Your Physical Interface • From a hardware perspective, computers work with bits and bytes • Computers use electricity to function • Computers use electrical pulses to have two states: on and off. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  34. Hardware: Your Physical Interface • Binary digit (bit) - the smallest unit of information. • Either a 1 or 0. • ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) - the coding system that most personal computers use to represent, process, and store information. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  35. Hardware: Your Physical Interface • Byte - a group of eight bits represents one natural language character. • C – 01100011 • O – 01001111 • O – 01001111 • L – 01001100 Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  36. Hardware: Your Physical Interface Figure C.7Representations of Information as it Moves Through Your Computerpage 408 Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  37. Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceCommon Input Devices • Input device - a tool you use to capture information and commands. Examples include: • Keyboard – today’s most popular input technology. • Trackball – an upside-down, stationary mouse in which you move the ball instead of the device (mainly for notebooks). Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  38. Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceCommon Input Devices • Point-of-sale (POS) - for capturing information at the point of a transaction, typically in a retail environment. • Pointing stick - small rubber-like pointing device that causes the pointer to move on the screen as you apply directional pressure (popular on notebooks). Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  39. Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceCommon Input Devices • Microphone - for capturing live sounds such as a dog barking or your voice (for automatic speech recognition). • Touchpad - another form of a stationary mouse on which you move your finger to cause the pointer on the screen to move (popular also on notebooks). Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  40. Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceCommon Input Devices • Mouse - today’s most popular “pointing” input device. • Bar code reader - captures information that exists in the form of vertical bars whose width and distance apart determine a number. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  41. Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceCommon Input Devices • Touch screen - special screen that lets you use your finger to point at and touch a particular function you want to perform. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  42. Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceCommon Input Devices • Optical mark recognition (OMR) -detects the presence or absence of a mark in a predetermined place (popular for multiple choice exams). • Scanner - captures images, photos, and artwork that already exist on paper. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  43. Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceCommon Output Devices • Output device -a tool you use to see, hear, or otherwise accept the results of your information-processing requests. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  44. Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceCommon Output Devices • CRT monitors – look like television sets. • Flat-panel displays – thin, lightweight monitors that take up much less space than CRTs. • Resolution of a screen – number of pixels it has (given by row and column.) • Dot pitch – the distance between the centers of a pair of like-colored pixels. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  45. Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceCommon Output Devices • Resolution of a printer - the number of dots per inch (dpi) it produces, which is the same principle as the resolution in monitors. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  46. On Your Own Finding a Printer to Meet Your Needs Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceCommon Output Devices • Inkjet printers – make images by forcing ink droplets through nozzles. • Laser printers – form images using an electrostatic process. • Multifunction printers – scan, copy, and fax, as well as print. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  47. Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceCharacteristics of CPUs and RAM • Central processing unit (CPU) - the actual hardware that interprets and executes the software instructions and coordinates how all the other hardware devices work together. • RAM, or random access memory, - temporary storage that holds the information, the application software, and the operating system software. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  48. Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceCharacteristics of CPUs and RAM • CPU speeds • CPU cycles determine how fast a CPU executes software instructions. • More cycles means faster processing (and more cost.) • Megahertz (MHz) - the number of millions of CPU cycles per second. • Gigahertz (GHz) - the number of billions of CPU cycles per second. Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  49. Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceCharacteristics of CPUs and RAM • CPU contains two primary parts including: • Control unit - interprets software instructions and literally tells the other hardware devices what to do, based on the software instructions. • Arithmetic/logic unit (A/L unit) - performs all arithmetic operations (for example, addition and subtraction) and all logic operations (such as sorting and comparing numbers). Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

  50. Hardware: Your Physical InterfaceCharacteristics of CPUs and RAM • RAM capacity is expressed in bytes. Figure C.7Your CPU and RAM at Workpage 412 Management Information Systems for the Information AgeSecond Canadian Edition

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