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Key Concept 2.3 Emergence of Transregional Networks of Communication and Exchange

Key Concept 2.3 Emergence of Transregional Networks of Communication and Exchange. 600 BCE to 600 CE. Outline. Land and water routes became the basis for transregional trade The Silk Road Trans-Saharan caravan routes Indian Ocean sea lanes Mediterranean sea lanes Migrations of Peoples

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Key Concept 2.3 Emergence of Transregional Networks of Communication and Exchange

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  1. Key Concept 2.3Emergence of Transregional Networks of Communication and Exchange 600 BCE to 600 CE

  2. Outline • Land and water routes became the basis for transregional trade • The Silk Road • Trans-Saharan caravan routes • Indian Ocean sea lanes • Mediterranean sea lanes • Migrations of Peoples • Bantus • Polynesian • New technologies facilitated long-distance communications and exchange • Domesticated animals • Trade in the Americas • Maritime knowledge and inventions • Far-flung networks of communication and exchange developed across a variety of areas • Agricultural techniques • Disease • Religious and cultural traditions • The role of empire in trade

  3. Main Idea The development of the classical empires led to increased connections between people, even for those separated by thousands of miles. The primary reason for these connections was trade: items and materials were exchanged for money or other goods. However, other connections were made that had intended and unintended consequences.

  4. Land and water routes became the basis for transregional trade. • Importance of geography • Climate and topography • Why does trade happen? • Goods • Pay-offs

  5. The Silk Road • Named for Chinese silk • Other items traded east to west: • Horses, spices, furs, ivory, perfumes, lacquered boxes and furniture, rice, wool, tea and porcelain • Items from South Asia to east and west: • Cotton, spices, sandalwood, rice • Items from Central Asia to east, west, and south: • Dates, almonds, fruits, camels, horses • Items from west to east and south: • Glass, gold, furs, ambers, cattle, olive oil, perfumes

  6. The Silk Road • North-South Eurasian Routes • Directly connected to the Silk Road • Connected the edges of the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea • Constantinople was a key center of these trade routes

  7. The Silk Road

  8. Trans-Saharan caravan routes • Going across North Africa to the Mediterranean coast • Dates, cotton, dyes, cloth, leather good, and glass • Importance of the camel • Circa 600-1450 Islam was carried along these trade routes

  9. Trans-saharan routes

  10. Indian Ocean Sea Lanes • Largest until the 1400s • Connected Southeast Asia and China to Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia • Spread of: • Buddhism • Islam • Interactions of people • East Asians, South Asian, East African Swahilis, Arabs, Malays, Turks, Greeks and Russians

  11. Indian Ocean Sea Lanes

  12. Mediterranean Sea Lanes • Vast and long-lasting • Olives, pottery, glass, woodwork, leather, and wool textiles exchanged across Mediterranean world • Gold, ivory, salt, copper and slaves coming from Africa • Spread of Christianity • The Black Sea trading area • Constantinople • Goods from the Silk Roads, Mediterranean, and Russia • Bubonic plague

  13. Migrations of Peoples Bantus Polynesians • By 1000 CE they occupied most of sub-Saharan Africa • Stretched resources • Intermarriage • Tools and agriculture • Led to more migrations • Technology and agriculture • Accidental or planned? • Crops and animals • Society

  14. New technologies facilitated long-distance communications and exchange • Domesticated animals • Merchants needed to transport goods with relative safety across regions • Horses, llamas, oxen, and camels • Yokes, saddles, stirrups • Introduction of these animals led to a major increase in the amount of trade happening across the land routes • Trade in the Americas: • Trade happened on much smaller scale due to the lack of pack animals • Llama, alpaca, dog • Fewer people • Narrow and jungle-covered terrain • Relayed exchanges, not long journeying merchants

  15. Maritime knowledge and inventions • Advanced knowledge of monsoon winds • Along East African coast toward South Asia in summer and down the coast in winter • Dhow ships and lateen sails • Arab influence

  16. Far-flung networks of communication and exchange developed across a variety of areas • Agricultural techniques • Crops growing in new areas • Qanat system • Transports water from below ground to the surface in arid regions • Knowledge of this system spread

  17. Disease • Pandemic v. epidemic • Bubonic plague (600-1450) • Effects on Roman Empire and Han Dynasty

  18. Religious and Cultural Traditions

  19. Religious and Cultural Traditions

  20. Empire’s role in trade • Scattered people into unified political units • Infrastructure and protection • Economically and culturally lucrative

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